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BRAINSTORMING

(in language teaching) a group activity in which learners have a free and relatively unstructured discussion on an assigned topic as a way of generating ideas. Brainstorming often serves as preparation for 9 another activity.

CASE STUDY

It is about a person, group, or situation that has been studied over time. The case study method often involves simply observing what happens to, or reconstructing ‗the case history‘ of a single participant or group of individuals (such as a school class or a specific social group)

INFORMATION GAP ACTIVITY

It is a technique in language teaching where students are missing information necessary to complete a task or solve a problem, and must communicate with their classmates to fill in the gaps. It is often used im communicative language teaching and task-based language learning. Information gap tasks are contrasted with opinion gap tasks, in which all information is shared at the start of the activity, and learners give their own opinions on the information given.

JIG-SAW ACTIVITY

listening or reading activity is an information gap exercise. Learners hear or read different parts of a text, then exchange information with others in order to complete a task. Learners in three groups hear different versions of an encounter with aliens. Together A jigsaw with other learners, they complete comprehension questions based on all three descriptions of the encounter.Jigsaw tasks are an excellent way to integrate the skills, as learners read or listen to a text, and speak and listen to others to reconstruct the information in the text. Most written texts can be made into a jigsaw activity easily. Managing a jigsaw listening exercise is more challenging as it requires multiple tape recorders, enough space to listen without disturbing other groups, and time.

ICE-BREAKER

It is an activity or exersice to break the “ice” that typically limits or inhibits interactions of a group of people who may or may not know each other. An effective ice-breacer prepares the group for the further learning process. This activity shouls be non-threatening, highly-interactive, simple and easy to understand and explain. For the following example of an ice-breaker you can use M&M Sweets.