Microsoft Word marketing doc

2.6 
Transportation & Storage
Transportation is the physical means whereby goods are moved from 
point of production to the place where they are required for consumption. A 
good system of transportation increases the value of goods by creation of place 
utility. Different modes of transportation like bullock cart, trucks, bus, train, 
aeroplane, ships etc. can be used for the movement of goods. However, the 
pros and cons of using each mode should be carefully analysed before selecting 
the appropriate mode. 
Storage function provides time utility by holding and preserving products 
and delivering them according to the requirements of market. If the product is 
seasonal and demand is stable, storage becomes essential. Storage is provided 
by manufacturer, middlemen or public agencies. The period of storage and 
mode of storage varies according to the nature of product. 
2.7 
Standardisation and Grading
Standardisation refers to determine the basic limits to different classes of 
products i.e., to establish standards for different grades of a product. Standard 
is a list of specifications based on size, colour, appearance, strength, shape, 
amount of moisture, taste, etc. 
Standardisation plays an important role in the marketing of agricultural 
goods. It helps purchasers to buy products easily on the basis of recognised 
standards with confidence. 
Grading refers to sorting of products into different lots each of which has 
substantially same characteristics with respect to quality. Grading helps in 
selling through description rather than personal verification. It also helps the 
buyers to select the most suitable product for their use. 
2.8 Financing 
Financing is the life blood of commerce. Value of goods is expressed in 
money and it is denoted by price to be paid by a buyer to a seller. Without 
finance, the whole marketing activity may come to a stand still. Therefore, for 
exchange of goods and services and for any other marketing activities finance is 
a vital aspect. The finance for marketing can be obtained from various sources 
such as banks, financial institutions, individuals, etc. The extent of availability 
of finance depends on banking policy, credit policy, availability of money from 
private sources etc. 

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