From these riders Azazbeh heard of the loss of the cavalry group and the death of his son.
From couriers who came from Ctesiphon he heard of the death of Ardsheer. Heartbroken
at the loss of his son and staggered by the news of the Emperor's death, he found the
burden of his responsibilities too heavy for his shoulders. He abandoned all intentions of
defending Hira against Khalid; and crossing the Euphrates with his army, withdrew to
Ctesiphon. Hira was left to the Arabs.
Khalid continued his advance towards his objective. It is not known when he abandoned
the boats and took to the road, but this must have happened a few miles downstream of
Hira. Expecting stiff opposition at Hira, Khalid decided not to approach it frontally.
Moving his army round the left, he bypassed Hira from the west and appeared at
Khawarnaq, which was a thriving town 3 miles north-north-west of Hira.
1
He passed
through Khawarnaq and approached Hira from the rear. There was no opposition to his
columns as they entered the city. The inhabitants were all there. They neither fled nor
offered any resistance, and were left unmolested by the Muslim soldiers as they entered
deeper into the city.
Soon the situation became clearer; it was a mixed situation of peace and war. Hira was an
open city; the Muslims could have it. But the four citadels of Hira, each manned by
strong garrisons of Christian Arabs and commanded by Arab chieftains, were prepared
for defence and would fight it out. If Khalid wanted any of these citadels, he would have
to fight for it.
Each of the four citadels had a palace in which the commanding chieftain lived; and each
citadel was known after its palace. The citadels were: the White Palace commanded by
Iyas bin Qubaisa ('King' of Iraq); the Palace of Al Adassiyin commanded by Adi bin Adi;
the Palace of Bani Mazin commanded by Ibn Akal; and the Palace of Ibn Buqaila
commanded by Abdul Masih bin Amr bin Buqaila.
Against each citadel Khalid sent a part of his army under a subordinate general. These
generals, besieging the citadels in the order in which they have been mentioned above,
were: Dhiraar bin Al Azwar, Dhiraar bin Al Khattab (no relation of Umar), Dhiraar bin
Al Muqarrin and Muthanna. All the generals were ordered to storm the citadels; but
before doing so they would offer the garrisons the usual alternatives-Islam, the Jizya or
the sword. The garrisons would have one day in which to think it over. The generals
moved out with their forces and surrounded the citadels. The ultimatum was issued. The
following day it was rejected by the Christian Arabs and hostilities began.
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