3. The good and the bad are one
(聖俗一如)
“e good and the bad are one” can be used to mean that what is sacred (re-
ligious) and what is secular are one and inseparable. It can further mean that
good and bad, right and wrong, good and evil, heaven and hell are actually one.
e inference is that there is no absolute value in this world. It negates the dual-
istic, separate view of light vs. darkness or good vs. evil. If you understand this
thoroughly, you will part from many of the philosophical and religious values
that are based on dualism. Dualism means that there are two independent and
different forces that form the world. e opposite, monism would say that “the
good and the bad are one.”
“e good and the bad are one” principle is more familiar to us than we
think. We know that “too much medicine (good) is poison (evil); a little poison
(evil), however, can be medicine (good).” Look around nature and this rule
holds true. Among the 118 elements that exist on earth, heavy metals are usually
harmful to humans but even they are not exception to this rule.
Oxygen is a necessity for sustaining life but if you intake excessively, active
oxygen will form in the course of metabolism which may inlict serious damage
on your cells. Water is an absolute need for plants but too much will drown
them. Anything that is good will turn bad if not applied in the appropriate
amount. is holds true for everything. Soil nematodes are not always bad, as
adequate number of them helps maintain soil health. Ladybugs are not always
good; too many and they will become pests. A moderate number of apple snails
in rice paddies control weeds but when they over-populate, they become a nui-
sance. is pattern is seen everywhere in the wild. No life can be labeled good or
evil; this is the mystery of life. Do not look at nature through the lens of dual-
ism – labeling this as good and that as evil. Look at nature with the view that
“the good and the bad are one.”
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Sadly, humans like to look at the world through the eyes of dualism. People
prefer to draw a line between good and evil, not knowing that such line does
not exist beyond their concepts. is division of good and bad has always been
behind the history of human kind. Wars between religions and nations never
went on without labeling “us” as good and “them” as evil. Tyrannies in the
world use dualism to support their power. Separation of good and evil has an in-
herent nature of justifying war and violence.
The same thing is happening in agriculture. Suppliers of various products
such as pesticide, fertilizer, microorganisms, etc. are all touting them as the
answers in the battle between light and darkness, good and evil, and benefi-
cial and harmful. This dualistic way of thinking has entered deep into the
minds of the farmers, causing serious and profound harm. Almost always,
what is labeled good is what is in the corporation’s hands. Whatever farmers
make for themselves is labeled bad, risky, unscientific and uncertain. Science
is always introduced to provide stronger logic and evidence to support the
corporation’s claims. What we are seeing is the victory of dualistic farming
over monistic farming. Our ancestors have farmed for thousands of years
based on the thought that the good and the bad are one, that there cannot be
a “good” life and an “evil” life.
Technology is rooted on philosophy. If the way of thinking that provides the
foundation for the technology is undermined, then it can no longer stand on its
own. Technology is not in itself objective; it is dependent on a system of
thoughts, set of values, and view of the world. Technology is like a backbone; it
cannot stand without the muscles – the philosophy. ose who have studied
modern science and imbibed Western thoughts have become recognized as the
true “experts.” As they rose in their status and inluence, our traditional farming
came to be regarded as something obsolete, unscientiic, and unveriied. In real-
ity, its efficacy has been proven over millennia. Despite this track record, “or-
ganic farming” has been taken from the hands of farmers. In a bizarre twist,
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JADAM Organic Farming
farmers are no longer experts at farming.
The current group of experts are negating the value of our traditional
method of farming. The weapon they use is the dualistic view of dividing
good and bad. This philosophy itself has to be overcome if we are to bring
farming back to the farmers. It is not simply a matter of skill, methodology or
technology. Traditionally microorganisms, compost, and liquid fertilizer were
all made by farmers. This was standard practice for thousands of years. Now
this traditional knowledge is labeled “unscientific” and farmers have been
pressured to give it up and forget all about it. What do farmers make for
themselves now? They are deprived of farming tools, methods of farming and
finally of confidence in farming.
Dualism was the preferred philosophy of the corporations; it would not be
coincidental that it was also supported by science and backed by the govern-
ment. Proponents kept parroting that “traditional microorganisms, liquid fertil-
izer, and compost are not veriied scientiically,” eventually, farmers believed the
lies and gave in. Only 40 or 50 years ago, everything was still in the hands of the
farmers. Sadly, this is no longer the case.
What is science? Science is not an objective and unchanging entity; it is a
constantly changing thing. Science seeks the truth but it is not independent
from society. Where does the funding come from that supports scientiic re-
search? What kind of researches and research results do the inancial supporters
prefer? Is there objectivity here? e global trend is that research funded by gov-
ernments is decreasing and more is being delegated to the private sector. ere is
less and less room for studies that serve the public interest.
e fall of Korean traditional farming began with the introduction of West-
ern thoughts (epistemology). We were helpless against the powerful inlux of
Western inluence. In our pursuit of modernization and industrialization, we
voluntarily admitted the superiority of Western culture. is trend, combined
with the emergence of group of corporations that sought proit in the sales of
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agricultural inputs, systematically destroyed our traditional farming. I cannot
stress enough the importance of philosophy over technology.
e type of organic farming we are learning and incorporating today is not
ours. Organic farming that is popular worldwide is not something we had been
doing; nor is it objective or innocent. It is completely alien to our traditional
philosophy of “the good and the bad are one,” which JADAM is trying to bring
back. I have searched worldwide and examined the various agricultural systems
and have inally concluded that the traditional Korean method is the best. Korea
will have to open its agricultural market to global competition. Cheap and good
produce will inundate the Korean market. We will face competition as never be-
fore. Our farming is currently one of the least competitive in the world: labor is
expensive, costs are high, the mechanization rate is low, large-scale farming is not
easy and brand power is low. What we need the most is ultra-low-cost agricul-
ture, and the key to ultra-low-cost lies in our traditional farming. High quality,
high yield and low cost are every farmer’s dream. Answer to these all lie in our
traditional farming.
I wish we would stop hailing Albert Howard, Rudolf Steiner and J. I. Rodale
as the “founders” of organic farming. How can organic farming have been
“founded” in the 1920s and 30s? is is a total neglect of our long-standing tra-
dition. Regrettably, few people question this inaccurate version of history.
Fan
Sheng Zhi Shu
(“e Book of Fan Sheng Zhi”) clearly explains the ancient farm-
ing of China at the end of the Western Han Dynasty (206 BCE – 8 CE).
Ji Min
Yao Shu
(“Important Arts for the People’s Welfare”), a book on comprehensive
Chinese farming, was written around 530 CE. In Korea (Joseon Dynasty), dur-
ing the eleventh year of King Sejong’s reign (1429 CE), the book
Nong Sa Jik
Seol
(“Straight Talk about Farming”) was written. All these times there were no
chemical fertilizers or pesticides. It was a world with zero pollution; organic
farming was practiced in its purest form.
In 2333 BCE, the irst Korean state of Gojoseon was established. e found-
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