International Criminal Law
270
there was evidence that information relating to serious crimes had been
inappropriately disclosed. There were suggestions that representatives of States
allegedly sympathetic to terrorist activity were passing information to terrorist
organisations.
8
Several States allegedly harbouring international terrorists were
members of Interpol. Following events after 11 September 2001, the Secretary General
of Interpol reiterated that its constitution prohibits involvement in political, ethnic
or religious disputes. As an institution it is committed to neutrality, its mission being
to assist all States to share police information under any lawful circumstances.
Undoubtedly, improvements in telecommunication security and encryption
techniques have combined to reduce the problem. Further criticism has been levelled
at the inefficient system for the exchange of information, which is bureaucratic and
laborious. Again, recent improvements in technology accompanied by efficient
leadership have produced results. Following Interpol’s relocation to headquarters
in Lyon in 1989, the response to inquiries has improved. Thus, in 1986, Interpol was
reported to take on average 14 days to respond to an inquiry, whereas in 1989 the
delay was reduced to two hours.
9
In 1990, the Home Affairs Committee in its
Seventh
Report on Practical Police Co-operation in the European Community
urged that ‘[m]istrust
of Interpol should not be perpetuated on the basis of past failings’.
10
In a recent internal
appraisal of the work of the British NCB, Interpol was described as having a ‘pivotal
and essential role in dealing with international criminal enquiries’: for example, in
1998, the British NCB handled 157,345 messages.
11
In addressing criticisms made in
the 1980s, Interpol has succeeded in developing its global role while operating in
conjunction with collaborative policing initiatives taking place within Europe.
12
10.3 EU INITIATIVES
The Amsterdam Treaty, which came into force in May 1999, provides the legal basis
for cross-border police co-operation within the EU. However, although matters
relating to common foreign and security policy became Community matters, police
and judicial co-operation in criminal matters remain within the Third Pillar which
has been subjected to some reorganisation.
13
Provisions relating to police and judicial
co-operation in criminal matters are now contained in Title VI of the Treaty of
European Union (TEU). Initiatives in the field of police co-operation will include
8
Op cit,
Benyon
el al,
note 4, p 129.
9
G Mason, ‘Kendall’s Kingdom’,14
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