International Criminal Law
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Interpol’s historical origins lie within Europe and its early work was concerned
primarily with improving police co-operation between the European States that made
up the membership of the organisation. Priority was given to the policing concerns
of the European and US members, who were the heaviest users of Interpol. As a
consequence of the organisation’s expansion, Interpol’s activities became concerned
with criminal activity throughout the world. Towards the end of the 1980s, it was
acknowledged that ‘police collaboration in EU countries is constrained by the fact
that it is the international police organisation of the world’.
5
Undoubtedly, the
globalisation of criminal activity has tested the organisation’s capacity to respond,
and the increasingly transnational nature of crime has had repercussions on policy.
6
A fraudulent offence against a European bank will affect the bank’s interests globally
and any criminal investigation may involve activity in several geographically and
culturally diverse regions. Similarly, possession and supply of proscribed drugs in
Europe and the US cannot be viewed in isolation from the producer countries in
SouthAmerica and the Far East. Whilst Interpol continues to take measures to provide
for the needs of its European members, there is a general shift towards regionalisation.
In 1999, a Regional Co-ordination and Development Directorate was set up within
the General Secretariat to increase the range of regional initiatives. In 1986, the
European dimension of Interpol’s work was given a sharper focus with the
establishment of a European Secretariat and a European Liaison Bureau within the
General Secretariat. This body has the task of overseeing criminal matters with a
European dimension. The organisation’s budget for 1999 was $US 27.2 million. In
October 2002, the member countries agreed to a 23.4% increase in contributions to
ensure that Interpol can continue to respond effectively to current challenges. While
all Member States of Interpol make financial contributions to the running of the
organisation, individual contributions vary depending upon the size of the country
and use made of the resources. States are required to indicate to the Executive
Committee their intended contribution and the Secretary General is charged with
implementing the budget. The accounts are externally audited under the direction
of the General Assembly and Executive Committee.
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