Namangan institute of engineering and technology

Mashq 51. Qavslarni Present, Past yoki Future Simple dan birini qo’llab oching.

1. 1 (to go) to bed at ten o'clock every day. 2. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock yesterday. 3. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock tomorrow. 4. I (not to go) to the cinema every day. 5. I (not to go) to the cinema yesterday. 6. I (not to go) to the cinema tomorrow. 7. You (to watch) TV every day? 8. You (to watch) TV yesterday? 9. You (to watch) TV tomorrow? 10. When you (to leave) home for school every day? 11. When you (to leave) home for school yesterday? 12. When you (to leave) home for school tomorrow? 13. My brother (to go) to work every day. He (to leave) home at a quarter past eight. As the office he (to work) at (to be) near our house, he (to walk) there. He (not to take) a bus. Yesterday he (not to go) to work. Yesterday he (to get) up at nine o'clock, 14. You (to have) a PT lesson yesterday? — No, I... 15. What you (to buy) at the shop yesterday? -I (to buy) a book. 16. Yesterday my father (not to read) newspapers because he (to be) very busy. He (to read) newspapers tomorrow.

Mashq 52. Qavslarni Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple yoki Future Simple zamon shakillaridan birini qo’llab oching:

1. He (to spend) last summer in the country. 2. He (not to spend) last summer in the country. 3. He (to spend) last summer in the country? 4. Where he (to spend) last summer? 5. She (to help) mother yesterday. 6. She (not to help) mother yesterday. 7. She (to help) mother yesterday? 8. How she (to help) mother yesterday? 9. Kate (to cook) dinner every day. 10. Kate (to cook) dinner tomorrow. 11. Kate (to cook) dinner now. 12. Kate (to cook) dinner yesterday. 13. I (not to eat) ice-cream every day. 14. I (not to eat) ice-cream now, 15. I (not to eat) ice-cream tomorrow. 16. I (not to eat) ice-cream yesterday. 17. You (to go) to school every day? 18. You (to go) to school now? 19. You (to go) to the south next summer? 20. You (to go) abroad last summer? 21. What your brother (to do) every day? 22. What your brother (to do) now? 23. What your brother (to do) tomorrow? 24. What your brother (to do) yesterday?

Mashq 53. Qavslarni Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple yoki Future Simple zamon shakillaridan birini qo’llab oching:

1. Mother (to cook) a very tasty dinner yesterday. 2. Tomorrow Nick (not to go) to school. 3. Look! My friends (to play) football. 4, Kate (not to write) letters every day. 5. You (to see) your friend yesterday? 6, Your father (to go) on a business trip last month? 7. What Nick (to do) yesterday? 8. When Nick (to get) up every morning? 9, Where your mother (to go) tomorrow? 10. I (to invite) my friends to come to my place tomorrow. 11. He (not to play) the piano tomorrow. 12. We (to see) a very good film last Sunday. 13. Your mother (to cook) every day? 14. We (to make) a fire last summer. 15. I (to spend) last summer at the sea-side. 16. Where you (to spend) last summer? 17. Where he (to spend) next summer? 18. What mother (to do) now? — She (to cook) dinner. 19. I (not to play) computer games yesterday. 20. Last Sunday we (to go) to the theatre. 21. I (to (meet) my friend yesterday. 22. I (to write) a letter to my cousin yesterday. 23. You (to write) a dictation tomorrow? 24. I (not to write) a report now.

Mashq 54. Qavslarni Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple yoki Future Simple zamon shakillaridan birini qo’llab oching:

1. We (to go) on a tramp last Sunday. 2. Your brother (to go) to the country with us next Sunday? 3. Granny (not to cook) dinner now. 4. We (to cook) our meals on a fire last summer. 5. My sister (to wash) the dishes every morning. 6. When you (to go) to school? 7. What you (to prepare) for breakfast tomorrow? 8. You (to invite) your cousin to stay with you next summer? 9. How you (to help) your sister last summer? 10. I (to send) a letter to my friend tomorrow. 11. Every morning on the way to school I (to meet) my friends. 12. My friend (to go) to the library every Wednesday. 13. He (not to go) to the country yesterday. 14. Why you (to go) to the shop yesterday? 15. We (to grow) tomatoes next summer. 16. What you (to do) now? 17. He (to sleep) now. 18. Where your father (to work) last year? 19. You (to go) to the south next summer? 20. He (not to watch) TV yesterday. 21. Yesterday we (to write) a test-paper. 22. I (to buy) a very good book last Tuesday. 23. My granny (not to buy) bread yesterday. 24. What you (to buy) at the shop tomorrow? 25. Don't make noise! Father (to work).

Mashq 55. Qavslarni Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple yoki Future Simple zamon shakillaridan birini qo’llab oching:

1. Various kinds of sports (to be) popular in Russia. 2. Both children and grown-ups (to be) fond of sports. 3. What (to be) the matter with her? She (to be) so excited. -- I (not to know). 4. Where you (to go)? — I (to go) to the Dynamo stadium to see the match which (to take) place there today. 5. You (to know) that very interesting match (to take) place last Sunday? 6. He (to go) to the south a week ago. 7. When I (to be) about fifteen years old, I (to enjoy) playing football. 8. Our football team (to win) many games last year. 9. Where (to be) Boris? - He (to play) chess with his friend. 10. I (to be) sorry I (to miss) the match yesterday. But I (to know) the score. It (to be) 4 to 2 infavour of the Spartak team. 11. Nellie (to leave) for Moscow tomorrow, 12. I (to be) in a hurry. My friends (to wait) for me. 13. You (to be) at the theatre yesterday. You (to like) the opera? — Oh yes, I (to enjoy) it greatly. 14. You (to go) to London next summer?

LESSON 11
Reading comprehension
“Art: literature, music, painting, etc.”
One can distinguish two branches of human work: the arts and the sciences. The sciences require knowledge, observation, identification, description, experimentation and theoretical explanation. Art is the creation or expression of what is beautiful, especially in visual form. Drawing, painting, sculpture, architecture, literature, music, ballet belong to the «fine art». Really when something is extremely beautiful or has great cultural value, we say: «Its art».

The arts on the contrary require skill. That means the ability to work well with a part of his or her body. It is the combination of talent and technique. An artist is a man who can do something well with his own hands and tools. Some time ago everything that was made with tools was "artificial", not natural. The word "manufacture", for example, once meant "to make by hand"

Everything is a bit different nowadays. The word "art" has a special meaning. It means something beautiful. The paintings of skilled painters are appreciated and admired by millions of people today, by those who can see the beauty. Art comprises weaving rugs, tapestries, ceramic work. So there are a lot of types of art. Nevertheless one can trace basic principles in art. All kinds of it require the same characteristics. The separate parts of a work of art should be arranged in pattern. The form itself, a pleasing shape and balance (muvozanat) are extremely important.

Art inspires the human spirit. Painters, sculptors, musicians, writers, weavers - they all contribute to a better life for us.

• 
  Active words and word combinations
  

fine art – nafis san’at extremely beautiful- nihoyatda go’zal great cultural value- katta madaniy ahamiyat contrary-aksincha artificial- sun’iy skilled painters- mohir rassomlar appreciate- baho bermoq to be arranged- tartibga keltirmoq, tizmoq(bu yerda ‘qolipga solmoq’)

admire-zavqlanmoq weaving rugs- gilam to’qish tapestries- bezak ishlarida ishlatiluvchi matolar(gobelen) ceramic work- kulolchilik trace basic principles-asosiy qoidalar tuzmoq pattern- namuna, andoza a pleasing shape- yoqimli ko’rinish inspire- ilhomlantirmoq

Answer the questions:

1. 
   What branches of human work can you distinguish?
   
2. 
   What does science require?
   
3. 
   What is the definition of art?
   
4. 
   What belongs to fine art?
   
5. 
   What is the meaning of the word ‘art’?
   
6. 
   Why does art inspire human spirit?
   

Do you know that…

Photography is very popular today, but there is a question, if it is art or not. Let’s discuss it.

Some people think that it is art, others that it is separate branch. On the one hand, photography and art are closely connected. Many painters used photographs in their works. Also, photography and painting have the same aim: People use them to document the life to show the world, the way painter or photographer see it. On the other hand, photography is the modern science. It is different from art, because it mostly documents the events and the world. Photographers can’t transfer their thoughts and imagination to the photographs and painters can do it, they can create their own world.

As for me, I think that photography can be considered as the part of the art. Of course, it is a new way of transferring artist’s imagination, but it is still art, and it is closely connected with it. They have the same aims; they just realize it in different ways.
Supplementary reading


The Amir Timur Museum
The Amir Timur Museum is a museum in the city of Tashkent, the capital of Uzbekistan. It is well known for its distinctive blue dome and ornate interior and features the exhibits of Timur and President Islam Karimov. The museum was established to commemorate the 660th birthday of Timur.

The gardens surrounding it contain a statue of Timur on horseback and some prominent fountains.

Museum of the History of Timurids was established in Tashkent in 2006. Today it is an important landmark in the city. The grandiose building of the Amir Timur Museum is an example of refine architecture, in the style of the oriental architecture: a round building is topped by a huge blue dome. The entire perimeter of the building is decorated with graceful columns; they look like supporting the roof. The museum’s windows are in the form of the arched niches.

The building's facade is richly decorated. Its building, surrounded by fountains attracts the attention of all guests of the capital. The Amir Timur Museum has collected more than three thousand exhibits that tell about the ancient history of our region. Among them there are paintings, historical documents that relate to the life and activity of Amir Timur, unique manuscripts, weapons, old clothes, utensils, and various coins. Each of the exhibits is a piece of history.
LESSON 12
Read and learn the grammar rule:
Mood
Mood is a grammatical category of verb, which indicates the attitude of the speaker towards the action expressedby the verb from the point of view of its reality. In modern English we distinguish 3 moods:

1. 
   The Indicative mood- aniq mayl
   
2. 
   The Imperative mood- buyruq mayli
   
3. 
   The Subjunctive mood- shart-istak mayli
   

1. 
   The Indicative mood shows that the action or state expressed by the verb is presented as a fact.
   

We went home early in the morning

Indicative mood is also used to express a real condition, i.e. a condition the realization of which is considered possible.

If it rains, I shall stay at home

1. 
   The Imperative mood- expresses a command or request.in modern English Imperative mood has only one form which coincides with the infinitive without the particle ‘to’; it is used in the second person (singular and plural).
   

Be quiet and hear what I tell you.

Please put the papers on the table
Negative is formed with the auxiliary verb ‘to do’, do is always used in negative form of imperative mood, even with the verb ‘to be’.
Hush! Don’t make a noise!

Don’t be angry.

A command addressed to the third person is usually expressed with the help of the verb ‘let’
Let the child / children go home at once.

Let’s go and have some fresh coffee

3. The Subjunctive mood- shows that the action or state expressed by the verb is presented as a non-fact, as smth imaginary or desired. It is also used to express an emotional attitude of the speaker to real facts.
I wish I were ten years older.

They looked as if they were fighting for their life.

In simple sentences Subjunctive mood is used:
a) To express wish (tilak):

Long live the King! Successes attend you!

b) To express wish with the ‘mood auxiliary’ may:

May success attend you! May you live long and die happy!

c) To express an unreal wish:

If only he were free! I wish I were a gipsy.

If I were ill, I should like to be nursed by you.

I wish I were young again.

1. 
   in oaths and imprecations:
   

Manners be hanged! Odatlar ham qurib ketsin!

Confound these flies! Qurib ketgur pashshalar!

2. 
   in some set expressions:
   

Suffice it to say thathe soon come back. U yaqinda kelganini aytish o’zi yetarli

Be it so! Shunday bo’laqolsin!

God forbid! Hudo saqlasin!

Far be it from me to contradict you. Sizning so’zlaringizga qarshi chiqish hayolimda ham bo’lmagan.
The subjunctive mood.
The subjunctive mood so’zlovchining ish-harakatga bo’lgan hoxishi, istak, faraz qilish, shart qo’yish kabi munosabatlarini bildiradi. Boshqacha qilib aytganda, cub’yunktiv mayldagi fe’llar ish-harakatning umuman noreal ekanligini ko’rsatadi, ikkinchi va uchinchi xil shart ergash gapli qo’shma gaplarda ishlatiladi.

Shart ergash gapli qo’shma gaplarning ikkinchi va uchinchi turi noreal( amalgam oshmaydigan) shartni o’z ichiga oladi va amalgam oshish ehtimoli bo’lgan ish-harakatlarniifodalaydi.

Bunday gaplarning 2 turi hozirgi yoki kelasi zamonga tegishli bo’lgan ish-harakatlarni bildiradi.
If I were a mathematician I could solve this theorem.

Agar men matematyik bo’lsam,bu teoremani echar edim.
I should tell him everything if he came here now.

Agar u hozir shu yerga kelsa, men unga hamma narsani aytar edim.
If she entered the University next year she could learn English.

Agar u Universitetga kelasi yili kirsa, u ingliz tilini o’rgana olardi.
Shart ergash gapli qo’shma gapning uchinchi turi o’tgan zamonga qarashli bo’lgan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi, o’zbek tiliga … gan bo’lar edi, deb tarjima qilinadi.
If I had seen him yesterday he would have told me about it.

Agar men uni kecha ko’rganimda edi,u menga u narsa haqida gapirib bergan bo’lardi.

1. Quyidagi gaplarni tarjima qiling.
1. If Helen knew Aziza’s address, she would write a letter to her. 2. If my brother had time now, he would go to the cinema.3. If I saw my friend tomorrow, I should ask him about it. 4. If he was here , he would help us. 5. If I saw him tomorrow , I should give him the book.6. If we were to meet tomorrow, we should go to the library together.7. If I had seen him yesterday, I should have asked about it. 8. He would not have caught cold if he had put on a warm coat. 9. If your instructions had been received ten days ago, the books and magazines would have been sent by plane. 10. If the ship had arrived , we should have received a telegram.11. If he knew about our difficulties , he would help us.12. If he had heard of your marriage he would have been surprised. 13. If you had not told about it I should never have known the facts.14. If he had taken the doctor’s advice he might not have fallen ill.
2. Berilgan gaplarni ingliz tiliga tarjima qiling.

1. Agar siz masalani yechib bo’lgan bo’lsangiz, ketishingiz mumkin.2 Agar u kelishga va’da bergan bo’lsa,u albatta keladi.3. Agar u faqat kecha kelgan bo’lsa, ehtimol u yakshanbagacha ketmaydi.4. Agar mening pulim bo’lganda, men sizga to’lar edim.5. Agar u sizning kelishingizni eshitganda, u hayron bo’lar edi.6. Agar biz buyurmaganimizda, u buni qilmas edi.7. Agar siz Londonga borganingizda edi, siz qirolichani ko’rgan bo’lardingiz. 8. Yomg’ir bo’lsa, men soyabonni olaman.9. Agar siz menga yordam bersangiz, biz soat 6 tugata olamiz.10. Agar u keyingi xaftada kelsa, biz undan nima qilishni so’raymiz. 11.Agar otam bo’ganida edi, men uni hurmat qilgan bo’lardim.

LESSON 13

• 
  Read and translate the text:
  

Culture: Traditions and customs of Uzbekistan
Culture of Uzbekistan is one of the brightest and original cultures of East. It is inimitable national music, dances and painting, unique national kitchen and clothes. The Uzbek national music is characterized as variety of subjects and genres. The songs and tool plays according to their functions and forms of usage can be divided into two groups: performed in the certain time and under the certain circumstances and performed at any time. The songs connected with customs and traditions, labor processes, various ceremonies, dramatized entertainment representations and games belong to the first group.

The development of national painting began many centuries ago. At 16-17 centuries art of the manuscript and binding in Bukhara and some other urban centers has achieved significant success. The decorating of manuscript included refined calligraphy, performance by water paints and thin ornaments on fields. In Samarkand and especially in Bukhara the Central Asian school of a miniature has achieved a great success and were developed many different style directions.

Culture, handicrafts and tourism are rapidly becoming inseparable partners. Local crafts are important elements of culture, and people travel to see and experience other cultures, traditions and ways of living. Crafts products form an important element of the purchases made by tourists, providing an important economic input to the local economy. Silk, ceramics and cotton weaving, stone and wood carving, metal engraving, leather stamping, calligraphy and miniature painting are some genres passed down from ancient times.

 Active words and word combinations

Inimitable- tengi yo’q, tengsiz Unique- kamyob, tanxo, noyob variety of- xilma- xillik certain circumstance- aniq muhit customs and traditions- urf- odat va an’analar ceremony- tadbir purchase- harid, sotib olish manuscript – qo’lyozma

binding- bo’g’lash significant success- muhim yutuq refined calligraphy- sifatli yozuv water paints- suvli bo’yoq gentle style- nafis usul handicrafts- hunar weaving- to’quvchilik stone and wood carving- tosh va yog’och o’ymakorligi

Answer the questions:

• 
  Speak about the culture of Uzbekistan
  
• 
  What do you understand by the meaning of ‘culture’?
  
• 
  When and where did the development of national painting begin?
  
• 
  Why do people often travel?
  
• 
  What are important elements of culture?
  

Supplementary reading

National clothes

The Uzbek national clothes of the end of XX centuries remain constant up these days. The men in that time carried a direct cover shirts, bottom and top dressing gowns. The dressing gowns were very light and made from cotton wool. There were cuts on each side of dressing gown for convenience at walking. The trousers were made wide, of direct breed lent from top to bottom. Female clothes: dressing gowns, dress.



Cuisine

Uzbek cuisine is one of the most colourful of Oriental Cuisines. You will get astounded to find some of Uzbek recipes to be centuries-old. They even have different traditional rituals and ways of cooking. There are about 1,000 different dishes including national drinks, cakes and confectionary products.

Uzbek "Pilaf" is a very solemn food. It can be considered as an everyday dish as well as a dish for solemn and great events like weddings, parties and holidays. Rice is the most important ingredient of pilaf and special spices, raisins, or peas will be added to give it extra flavour. However, locals believe that the best pilaf is always prepared by a man! Salads are also served along with pilaf.

 Bread is holy for Uzbek people. This traditional belief started with a legend. As it goes, each new Governor would mint his own coins but the payment for local people who minted new coins were not the coins that were minted but…bread!

Traditionally Uzbek breads are baked inside the stoves made of clay called "Tandyr". These fragrant breads are known to be crispy and tasty. Even the greatest scientist of medicine, Avicenna used Uzbek bread to cure people of diseases.

A special importance is placed on soups. Uzbek soup is rich in vegetables and seasonings and contains lots of carrots, turnips, onions and greens. Two popular soups are Mastava and Shurpa.