Gimar special topic edition the impact of climate change on the financial stability of the insurance sector



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GIMAR special topic edition climate change

Working Paper Series no. 774

available at https://publications.banque-france.fr/sites/default/files/medias/
documents/wp774.pdf, July 2020
BdF (2021): The main results of the 2020 climate pilot exercise
Analysis and 
synthesis no. 122
, available at https://acpr.banque-france.fr/sites/default/files/
medias/documents/20210602_as_exercice_pilote_english.pdf, 2021
Bank of England (BoE) (2019): “Life Insurance Stress Test 2019 - Scenario 
Specification, Guidelines and Instructions”, available at https://www.
bankofengland.co.uk/prudential-regulation/letter/2019/insurance-stress-
test-2019, June 2019
Bank for International Settlements (BIS), BdF (2020): “The Green Swan, Central 
Banking and Financial Stability in the Age of Climate Change”, available at 
https://www.bis.org/publ/othp31.pdf, January 2020
BoE (2020): Insurance Stress Test 2019: feedback for general and life 
insurers, available at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/prudential-regulation/
letter/2019/insurance-stress-test-2019, June 2020
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) (2021a): “Climate-Related 
Financial Risks - Measurement Methodologies”, available at https://www.bis.
org/bcbs/publ/d518.pdf, April 2021
BCBS (2021b): Climate-related risk drivers and their transmission channels
available at https://www.bis.org/bcbs/publ/d517.pdf
Battiston, S., et al. (2017): A climate stress-test of the financial system. 
Nature 
Climate Change
, 7: 283-288
FSB (2020): “The Implications of Climate Change for Financial Stability”, 
available at https://www.fsb.org/wp-content/uploads/P231120.pdf, November 
2020
FSB (2021): “FSB Roadmap for Addressing Climate-related Financial Risks”, 
available at https://www.fsb.org/wp-content/uploads/P070721-2.pdf, July 
2021
European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) 2018): 
Systemic risk and macroprudential policy in insurance
EIOPA (2018): “Financial Stability Report”, available at https://www.eiopa.
europa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/reports/fsr-december-2018.pdf 
EIOPA (2020): “Sensitivity Analysis of Climate-Change Related Transition 
Risks”, available at https://www.eiopa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/
publications/reports/sensitivity-analysis-climate-change-transition-risks.pdf, 
December 2020
European Investment Bank (EIB) (2021): Assessing climate change risks at 
the country level: the EIB scoring model, available at https://www.eib.org/
attachments/efs/economics_working_paper_2021_03_en.pdf 
European Systemic Risk Board (2018): Macroprudential instruments, 
provisions and measures for insurance, available at https://www.esrb.
europa.eu/pub/pdf/reports/esrb.report181126_macroprudential_provisions_
measures_and_instruments_for_insurance.en.pdf 
Feyen, E. et al (2020): “Macro-Financial Aspects of Climate Change”, 
Policy Research Working Paper No. 9109, World Bank, available at https://
openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/33193 
Grippa, P. and Mann, S. (2020): Climate-Related Stress Testing: Transition 
Risks in Norway,
 IMF Working Paper WP/20/232
Hayne, M. et al. (2019): Factoring transition risks into regulatory stress-tests: 
The case for a standardized framework for climate stress testing and measuring 
impact tolerance to abrupt late and sudden economic decarbonisation, 
ACRN 
Journal of Finance and Risk Perspectives,
8(1): 206-222
International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS) (2019): Holistic 
Framework for systemic risk in the Insurance Sector, available at https://www.
iaisweb.org/page/supervisory-material/financial-stability/file/87109/holistic-
framework-for-systemic-risk
IAIS (2021): “Application Paper on the Supervision of Climate-related Risks in 
the Insurance Sector”, available at https://www.iaisweb.org/page/supervisory-
material/application-papers/file/97146/application-paper-on-the-supervision-
of-climate-related-risks-in-the-insurance-sector, May 2021
International Monetary Fund (IMF) (2020): This Changes Everything: Climate 
Shocks and Sovereign Bonds
IPCC (2021): “Climate Change 2021, The Physical Science Basis, Summary for 
Policymakers”, available at https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/
report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM.pdf, August 2021
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) (2020): “Global Renewables 
Outlook: Annex – Regional Factsheets”, available at https://www.irena.org/-/
media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2020/Apr/IRENA_GRO_Regional_
Factsheets.pdf 
IAIS (2020): Issues Paper on the Implementation of the TCFD 
Recommendations, available at https://www.iaisweb.org/page/supervisory-
material/issues-papers/file/88991/issues-paper-on-the-implementation-of-
the-tcfd-recommendations
National Bank of Belgium (2020): “Financial Stability Report 2020”, available 
at https://www.nbb.be/doc/ts/publications/fsr/fsr_2020.pdf
Network of Central Banks and Supervisors for Greening the Financial System 
(NGFS) (2019): First comprehensive report: “A Call for Action: Climate Change 
as a Source of Financial Risk”, available at https://www.ngfs.net/sites/default/
files/medias/documents/synthese_ngfs-2019_-_17042019_0.pdf, April 2019
NGFS (2020): “Guide to Climate Scenario Analysis for Central Banks and 
Supervisors”, available at https://www.ngfs.net/sites/default/files/medias/
documents/ngfs_guide_scenario_analysis_final.pdf, June 2020
NGFS (2020), “Climate Scenarios for central banks and supervisors”, available 
at https://www.ngfs.net/sites/default/files/medias/documents/820184_ngfs_
scenarios_final_version_v6.pdf, June 2020
NGFS (2021): “Climate Scenarios for central banks and supervisors”, available 
at https://www.ngfs.net/sites/default/files/medias/documents/ngfs_climate_
scenarios_phase2_june2021.pdf, June 2021
Österreichische Nationalbank (2020): Financial Stability Report 40: 
Austrian 
banks’ exposure to climate-related transition risk
, available at https://www.oenb.
at/dam/jcr:9ade95ea-3900-4aa4-9d64-209faaa7c0d9/04_FSR_40_Austrian_
banks_exposure_to_climate-related_transition_risks.pdf, November 2020
TCFD (2017): “Recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related 
Financial Disclosures, Final Report”, available at https://assets.bbhub.io/
company/sites/60/2020/10/FINAL-2017-TCFD-Report-11052018.pdf, June 
2017
TCFD (2020): 2020 Status report, available at https://www.fsb.org/wp-
content/uploads/P291020-1.pdf
Vermeulen, R., Schets, E., Lohuis, M., Kolbl, B., Jansen, D.-J. and Heeringa, 
W. (2018): An energy transition risk stress test for the financial system of the 
Netherlands. 
DNB Occasional Studies 1607
, De Nederlandsche Bank, available 
at https://www.dnb.nl/en/publications/research-publications/occasional-
studies/nr-7-2018-an-energy-transition-risk-stress-test-for-the-financial-
system-of-the-netherlands/, 2018
Vermeulen, R., Schets, E., Lohuis, M., Kolbl, B., Jansen, D.-J. and Heeringa, 
W. (2019): The Heat is on: A framework measuring financial stress under 
disruptive energy transition scenarios. 
DNB Working Paper n. 625
, De 
Nederlandsche Bank, available at https://www.dnb.nl/media/jpuj1mgt/
working-paper-no-625_tcm47-382291.pdf, February 2019


46
ANNEX
REGIONAL STRUCTURE OF EQUITY, CORPORATE BONDS, AND LOANS AND MORTGAGES
Source: IAIS data collections


47
Source: IAIS data collections


International Association of Insurance Supervisors 
c/o Bank for International Settlements
CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
Tel: +41 61 280 8090 Fax: +41 61 280 9151
www.iaisweb.org

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