English for chemists

Scction II
Упр. 1. Назовите значения следующих интернациональных слов:
process, routine, test, prestige, technician, person, professional, era, indicate, apparatus, finish, front, organization
Упр. 2. Проверьте, помните ли вы значения следующих слов; если нет, обратитесь к словарю:
plant, employ, quality, quantitative, constituent' perform, be conccmcd with, exclusively, relationship

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Text 32 В
Прочтите текст про себя (контрольное время чтения — 2 минуты).
Two Branches of Analytical Chemistry
The relatively small chcmical manufacturing plants producing such chemicals as alkalis, sulphuric acid, ctc., indeed, some of the factories making consumer goods and employing chcmicals in the processing, soon found it desirable to employ what was most frequently referred to as a “works chcmist”. His duties consisted laigcly of performing routine tests to determine the quality of the raw materials coming in, so to speak, the back door, and the finished goods going out of the front. In nearly every instance the “works chcmist” reported to the factory manager. The analyst’s prestige within the organization was largely that of a technician, rather than a person considered to be professional.
The “works chcmist” or analyst of this era was conccmcd almost exclusively with two branches of analytical chemistry, namely, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. In qualitative analysis, interest is directed to determine the constituent parts of a given product, without any effort to determine the quantitative relationships of these parts. Quantitative analysis, on the other hand, as a term does very definitely indicate, is directly concerned not only with determining the constituent parts, but how much of cach is present.
It is these two branches of chcmistry that arc still regarded to be main constituent parts of modem analytical chemistry, though the methods and apparatus used by the analytical chcmists nowadays have greatly changcd.
Упр. 3. Передайте основное содержание текста в нескольких пред­ ложениях.
Упр. 4. Какие слова в тексте означают «потребительские товары»? Упр. 5. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. 
   What fields of industrial manufacture required chemists’ services?
   

2. 
   What did chcmists have to do at plants and factories? 3. What branches of chcmistry did the “works chcmist” deal with? 4. What is the diffcrcncc between qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis? 5. Do these two branches of analytical chemistry exist now?
   

Упр. б. Закончите следующие предложения:

1. Some of the factories found it desirable... 2. The main duty of an
industrial chcmist was... 3. The analyst of that era... 4. The aim of

qualitative analysis is... 5. Quantitative analysis is dircctly conccmcd...

6. At present, analytical chcmistry...

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Scction III
Ex. l.Makc up short dialogues according to the example.
Example: — Excuse me!
— Yes?
— Is there a canteen at the department?

— Yes, there is.

— Where is it?

— Not very far, just downstairs and round the comer.

— Thank you very much.

— That’s all right.

Ex. 2. Respond to the following statements:
1. It’s interesting to note that the very first factories and plants paid great attention to the quality of the raw materials and finished goods. 2 .1 don’t know whether the prestige of the analyst is high in industry now, but in the 19th ccntury it wasn’t. 3. Often, it is not sufficient to determine what constituent parts are present in a given product.
Ex. 3. Give detailed answers to the questions.
1. What i£ the origin of analytical chcmistry? 2. How did analytical chcmistry change with time? 3. What arc the main constituent parts of analytical chcmistry?
Ex. 4. Discuss the following topics:

1. 
   The Contribution of Outstanding Scientists to the Development of Analytical Chemistry.
   
2. 
   Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses.
   
3. 
   Modem Analytical Chemistry.