Abhidhammapitake Dhammasavgani-mulatika

Dukamatikapadavannana

1-6. Mulatthenati suppatitthitabhavasadhanena mulabhavena, na paccayamattatthena hetudhamma hetu dhammati samasasamasaniddesabhavo dvinnam pathanam viseso. Tathevati sampayogatova. Sahetukanam hetusampayuttabhavato “sampayogato”ti vuttanti veditabbam, na sahasaddassa sampayogatthatta. Saha-saddo pana ekapubje uppadato yava bhavga sahetukanam hetuhi samanadesagahananam hetu-adisabbhavam dipeti, sampayutta-saddo ekuppadadivasena saha hetuhi ekibhavupagamanam, tato eva ca dvinnam dukanam nanattam veditabbam. Dhammananattabhavepi hi padatthananattena dukantaram vuccati. Na hi hetudukasavgahitehi dhammehi abbe sahetukadukadihi vuccanti, te eva pana sahetukahetukadibhavato sahetukadukadihi vutta. Evam sahetukadukasavgahita eva hetusampayuttavippayuttabhavato hetusampayuttadukena vutta. Na hi dhammanam avuttatapekkham dukantaravacananti natthi punaruttidoso. Desetabbappakarajananabhi desanavilaso tatha desanabanabcati. Tena dhammanam tappakarata vutta hoti. Sakalekadesavasena pathamadukam dutiyatatiyehi saddhim yojetva catutthadayo tayo duka vutta. Sakalabhi pathamadukam dutiyadukekadesena sahetukapadena tatiyadukekadesena hetusampayuttapadena ca yojetva yathakkamam catutthapabcamaduka vutta, tatha pathamadukekadesam nahetupadam sakalena dutiyadukena yojetva chatthaduko vutto. Idampi sambhavatiti etena avuttampi sambhavavasena dipitanti dasseti. Sambhavo hi gahanassa karananti. Yatha hetusahetukati idam sambhavatiti katva gahitam, evam hetu-ahetukati idampi sambhavatiti katva gahetabbamevati evam abbatthapi yojetabbam.

Evam (CS:pg.50) pathamadukam dutiyatatiyadukesu dutiyapadehi yojetva “hetu ceva dhamma ahetuka ca, ahetuka ceva dhamma na ca hetu, hetu ceva dhamma hetuvippayutta ca, hetuvippayutta ceva dhamma na ca hetu”ti ye dve duka katabba, tesam sambhavavaseneva savgaham dassetva kho pana-padena aparesampi dukanam savgaham dassetum “tatra yadetan”ti-adimaha. Tatrati paliyam. Ayam atirekatthoti idani yam vakkhati, tamatthamaha. Tattha pana abbepi abbathapiti etesam visum pavattiya dve duka dassita, saha pavattiya pana ayampi duko veditabbo “hetu ceva dhamma hetusampayuttapi hetuvippayuttapi”ti, etesu pana pabcasu dukesu dutiyadukena tatiyaduko viya, catutthadukena pabcamaduko viya ca chatthadukena ninnanatthatta “na hetu kho pana dhamma hetusampayuttapi hetuvippayuttapi”ti ayam duko na vutto. Dassitaninnanatthanayo hi so purimadukehiti. Itaresu catusu hetu ceva ahetukadukena samanatthatta hetu ceva hetuvippayuttaduko, hetusahetukadukena samanatthatta hetuhetusampayuttaduko ca nahetuhetusampayuttaduko viya na vattabbo. Tesu pana dvisu pacchimaduke “hetu kho pana dhamma sahetuka”ti padam catutthaduke pathamapadena ninnanakaranatta na vattabbam, “hetu kho pana dhamma ahetuka”ti padam “hetu ceva dhamma ahetuka”ti etena ninnanatta na vattabbam. Avasitthe pana ekasmim duke “ahetuka ceva dhamma na ca hetu”ti padam chatthaduke dutiyapadena ekatthatta na vattabbam. Idani “hetu ceva dhamma ahetuka ca”ti idamevekam padam avasittham, na ca ekena padena duko hotiti tabca na vuttanti. Catutthaduke dutiyapadena pana samanatthassa chatthaduke pathamapadassa vacanam dukapuranattham, etena va gatidassanena sabbassa sambhavantassa savgaho katoti datthabbo. Tatha hi sabbo sambhavaduko pathamaduke dutiyatatiyadukapakkhepena dassito, tesu ca pathamadukapakkhepenati.

7-13. Samanakalena asamanakalena kalavimuttena ca paccayena nipphannanam paccayayattanam paccayabhavamattena tesam paccayanam atthitam dipetum sappaccayavacanam, na sahetukavacanam viya samanakalanameva, napi sanidassanam viya tamsabhavassa anatthantarabhutassa. Savkhata-saddo pana sametehi (CS:pg.51) nipphaditabhavam dipetiti ayametesam viseso dukantaravacane karanam. Ettha ca appaccaya asavkhatati bahuvacananiddeso avinicchitatthaparicchedadassanavasena matikathapanato katoti veditabbo. Uddesena hi kusaladisabhavanam dhammanam atthitamattam vuccati, na paricchedoti aparicchedena bahuvacanena uddeso vuttoti. Rupanti rupayatanam pathaviyadi va. Purimasmim atthavikappe rupayatanassa asavgahitata apajjatiti ruppanalakkhanam va rupanti ayam atthanayo vutto. Tattha rupanti ruppanasabhavo. Na lujjati na palujjatiti yo gahito tatha na hoti, so lokoti tamgahanarahitanam lokuttaranam natthi lokata. Dukkhasaccam va loko, tattha teneva lokasabhavena viditati lokiya.

Evam sante cakkhuvibbanena vijanitabbassa rupayatanassa teneva navijanitabbassa saddayatanadikassa ca nanatta dvinnampi padanam atthananattato duko hoti. Evam pana duke vuccamane dukabahuta apajjati, yattakani vibbanani, tattaka duka vutta samatta thapetva sabbadhammarammanani vibbanani. Tesu ca dukassa pacchedo apajjati, tatha ca sati “kenaci”ti padam sabbavibbanasavgahakam na siya, niddesena ca viruddham idam vacanam. Yo ca tattha “ye te dhamma cakkhuvibbeyya, na te dhamma sotavibbeyyati ayam duko na hoti”ti patisedho kato, so ca katham yujjeyya. Na hi samattha atthakatha palim patisedhetunti, na ca kenaci-saddassa tenevati ayam padattho sambhavati, “kenaci”ti etassa adipadassa aniyamitam yam kibci ekam padattho, tam vatva vuccamanassa “kenaci”ti dutiyapadassa yam kibci aparam aniyamitam padatthoti lokasiddhametam, tatheva ca niddeso pavatto, na cettha vibbatabbadhammabhedena dukabhedo samatto apajjati yattaka vibbatabba, tattaka dukati, tasma natthi dukabahuta. Na hi ekamyeva vibbatabbam kenaci vibbeyyam kenaci na vibbeyyabca, kintu aparampi aparampiti sabbavibbatabbasavgahe duko samatto hoti, evabca sati “kenaci”ti padam aniyamena sabbavibbanasavgahakanti siddham hoti, vibbanananattena ca vibbatabbam bhinditva ayam duko vutto, na vibbatabbanam atthantaratayati. Etassa pana dukassa nikkheparasiniddeso dukasavgahitadhammekadesesu (CS:pg.52) dukapadadvayappavattidassanavasena pavatto. Atthuddharaniddeso niravasesadukasavgahitadhammadassanavasenati veditabbo.

14-19. Cakkhutopi …pe… manatopiti cakkhuvibbanadivithisu tadanugatamanovibbanavithisu ca kibcapi kusaladinampi pavatti atthi, kamasavadayo eva pana vanato yusam viya paggharanaka-asucibhavena sandanti, tasma te eva “asava”ti vuccanti. Tattha hi paggharanaka-asucimhi nirulho asavasaddoti. Dhammato yava gotrabhunti tato param maggaphalesu appavattito vuttam. Ete hi arammanakaranavasena dhamme gacchanta tato param na gacchantiti. Nanu tato param bhavavgadinipi gacchantiti ce? Na, tesampi pubbe alambitesu lokiyadhammesu sasavabhavena antogadhatta tato paratabhavato. Ettha ca gotrabhuvacanena gotrabhuvodanaphalasamapattipurecarikaparikammani vuttaniti veditabbani, pathamamaggapurecarikameva va gotrabhu avadhinidassanabhavena gahitam, tato param maggaphalasamanataya pana abbesu maggesu maggavithiyam phalasamapattivithiyam nirodhanantarabca pavattamanesu phalesu nibbane ca pavatti nivarita asavananti veditabba. Savantiti gacchanti. Duvidho hi avadhi abhividhivisayo anabhividhivisayo ca. Abhividhivisayam kiriya byapetva pavattati “abhavagga Bhagavato yaso gato”ti, itaram bahi katva “apataliputta vuttho devo”ti. Ayabca a-karo abhividhi-attho idha gahitoti “antokaranattho”ti vuttam.

Ciraparivasiyattho ciraparivutthata puranabhavo. Adi-saddena “purima, bhikkhave, koti na pabbayati bhavatanhaya”ti (a.ni.10.62) idam suttam savgahitam. Avijjasavabhavasavanabca ciraparivutthataya dassitaya tabbhavabhavinam kamasavaditthasavanabca ciraparivutthata dassita hoti. Abbesupi yathavutte dhamme okasabca arammanam katva pavattamanesu manadisu vijjamanesu attattaniyadiggahavasena abhibyapanam madakaranavasena asavasadisata ca etesamyeva, nabbesanti etesveva asavasaddo nirulho datthabbo. Ayatam va savanti phalantiti asava (CS:pg.53) Na hi kibci samsaradukkham asavehi vina uppajjamanam atthiti. Arammanabhavena ye dhamma vano viya asave paggharanti, te asampayoge atabbhavepi saha asavehiti sasava, asavavantoti attho.

Osanaduke “no asava kho pana”ti avatva “asavavippayutta kho pana”ti vacanam sasavanam sahetukanam viya sampayuttehi tamsahitata na hotiti dassanattham. Evam sesagocchakesupi yathasambhavam vippayuttaggahane payojanam datthabbam. Apica “no asava kho pana dhamma sasava”ti idam padam catutthaduke dutiyapadena ninnanam, na ca ekena duko hoti, tasma asavavippayuttapadameva gahetva osanadukayojana bayagatati kata. Hetugocchake pana hetuvippayuttanam sahetukata natthiti te gahetva dukayojanaya asakkuneyyatta nahetupadam gahetva osanadukayojana kata. Ye va pana pathame duke dutiyassa pakkhepe eko, tatiyassa dve, pathamassa dutiye eko, tatiye dve, dutiyassa tatiye eko, dutiye ca tatiyassa ekoti attha duka labbhanti, tesu tihi itare ca nayato dassitati veditabba. Esa nayo sesagocchakesupi.

20-25. Kilesakammavipakavattanam paccayabhavena tattha samyojenti, satipi abbesam tappaccayabhave na vina samyojanani tesam tappaccayabhavo atthi, orambhagiyuddhambhagiyasavgahitehi ca tamtambhavanibbattakakammaniyamo bhavaniyamo ca hoti, na ca upacchinnasamyojanassa katanipi kammani bhavam nibbattentiti. Samyojetabbati va samyojaniya, samyojane niyuttati va. Duragatassapi akaddhanato nissaritum appadanavasena bandhanam samyojanam, ganthakaranam savkhalikacakkalakanam viya patibaddhatakaranam va ganthanam gantho, samsilisakaranam yojanam yogoti ayametesam visesoti veditabbo. Dhammanam sabhavakiccavisesabbuna pana Bhagavata sampayuttesu arammanesu tappaccayesu ca tehi tehi nipphadiyamanam tam tam kiccavisesam passantena te te dhamma tatha tatha asavasamyojanaganthadivasena vuttati “kimattham eteyeva dhamma evam vutta, kasma ca vutta eva puna vutta”ti na codetabbametam.

26-37. Ganthaniyati (CS:pg.54) ettha ayamabbo attho “ganthakaranam ganthanam, ganthane niyuttati ganthaniya, ganthayitum sakkuneyya, ganthayitum arahantiti va ganthaniya”ti. Evam oghaniyadisupi datthabbam. Tenatikkamatiti etam dhatvattham gahetva oghaniyati padasiddhi kata.

50-54. Dhammasabhavam aggahetva parato amasantiti paramasa. Paratoti niccadito. Amasantiti sabhavapatisedhena parimajjanti.

55-68. Sabhavato vijjamanam avijjamanam va vicittasabbaya sabbitam arammanam aggahetva appavattito alambamana dhamma sarammana. Cintanam gahanam arammanupaladdhi. Cetasi niyutta, cetasa samsattha va cetasika. Dubbibbeyyananattataya ekibhavamivupagamanam nirantarabhavupagamanam. Yesam rupanam cittam sahajatapaccayo hoti, tesam cittassa ca suvibbeyyananattanti nirantarabhavanupagamanam veditabbam. Ekato vattamanapiti api-saddo ko pana vado ekato avattamanati etamattham dipeti. Idamettha vicaretabbam– avinibbhogarupanam kim abbamabbam samsatthata, udahu visamsatthatati? Visum arammanabhavena suvibbeyyananattatta na samsatthata, napi visamsatthata samsatthati anasavkaniyasabhavatta. Catunnabhi khandhanam abbamabbam samsatthasabhavatta rupanibbanehipi so samsatthabhavo atthi natthiti siya asavka, tasma tesam itarehi, itaresabca tehi visamsatthasabhavata vuccati, na pana rupanam rupehi katthaci samsatthata atthiti tadasavkabhavato visamsatthata ca rupanam rupehi na vuccatiti. Esa hi tesam sabhavoti. Cittasamsatthasamutthanadipadesu samsatthasamutthanadisadda cittasaddapekkhati paccekam cittasaddasambandhatta cittasamsattha ca te cittasamutthana cati paccekam yojetva attho vutto. Upadiyantevati bhutani ganhanti eva, nissayanti evati attho. Yatha bhutani upadiyanti gayhanti nissiyanti, na tatha etani gayhanti nissiyanti, tasma upada. Atha va bhutani amubcitva tesam vannanibhadibhavena gahetabbato upada.

75-82. Samkilitthattike vuttanayenati sam-saddam apanetva kilisantiti kilesati-adina nayena.

83-100. Kamavacaradisu (CS:pg.55) ayamaparo attho– kamatanha kamo, evam ruparupatanha rupam arupabca. Arammanakaranavasena tani yattha avacaranti, te kamavacaradayoti. Evabhi sati abbabhumisu uppajjamananam akamavacaradita kamavacaradita ca napajjatiti siddham hoti. Nikkhepakandepi “etthavacara”ti vacanam aviciparanimmitaparicchinnokasaya kamatanhaya arammanabhavam sandhaya vuttanti veditabbam, tadokasata ca tanhaya tanninnataya veditabba. Yadi pariyapannasaddassa antogadhati ayamattho, maggadidhammanabca lokuttarantogadhatta pariyapannata apajjati. Na hi “pariyapanna”ti ettha tebhumakagahanam atthiti? Napajjati sabbada pavattamanassa paccakkhassa lokassa vasena pariyapannanicchayato. Atha va paricchedakarikaya tanhaya paricchinditva apanna patipanna gahitati pariyapanna.

Aniya-saddo bahula kattu-abhidhayakoti vattacarakato niyyantiti niyyaniya, ni-karassa rassattam ya-karassa ca ka-karattam katva “niyyanika”ti vuttam, niyyanakaranasila va niyyanika. Uttaritabbassa abbassa nidditthassa abhava niddisiyamana sa-uttara dhammava uttaritabbati “attanan”ti aha. Ragadinanti ragadinam dasannam kilesanam sabbaniyatakusalanam va. Tehi nanappakaradukkhanibbattakehi abhibhuta satta kandanti akandantapi kandanakaranabhavato. Yasma pana pahanekatthatavasena ca “sarana”ti aha, tasma “ragadinan”ti vacanena ragadosamohava gahitati bayati. Rana-saddo va ragadirenusu nirulho datthabbo, ranam va yuddham, “kama te pathama sena”ti (su.ni.438 mahani.28 68 149 culani. Nandamanavapucchaniddesa 47) evamadika ca akusala sena ariyamaggayuddhena jetabbatta sayuddhatta “sarana”ti vuccantiti. Aranavibhavgasutte (ma.ni.3.323adayo) pana sadukkha sa-upaghata sa-upayasa saparilaha micchapatipadabhuta kamasukhanuyogadayo “sarana”ti vuttati dukkhadinam ranabhavo tannibbattakasabhavanam akusalanam saranata ca veditabba.

Pitthiduka samatta.