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 Location-  based  marketing 

Location or  proximity- 

 based marketing is mobile marketing based on the GPS 

built into phones or based on interaction with other local 

digital devices.

 Log-  file analyser 

A  log-  file analyser is a separate 

program such as Webtrends that is used to summarise the 

information on customer activity contained in a log file.

Logistics 

See Inbound logistics and Outbound logistics.

Long tail concept 

A frequency distribution suggesting 

the relative variation in popularity of items selected by 

consumers.

M

 Machine-  to-  machine  (M2M)  applications 

Objects 

are uniquely identified and tagged through technologies 

such as RFID and made accessible through  Internet-  like 

addresses.

Maintenance activities 

Involve measurement of an 

information system’s effectiveness and updating to correct 

errors or introduce new features necessary to improve its 

value to the organisation.