How would the world be different if every human had access to clean drinking water and safe sanitation?

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How would the world be different if every human had access to clean drinking water and safe sanitation?

“Water! You are not only necessary to life, but rather life itself.” – Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

Plan:
Introduction. Water is the living blood of the planet.
The main part:
1. Ecological picture of clean drinking water and sanitary conditions in the world today
2. The importance of clean drinking water and sanitation in maintaining a stable and sustainable human health
3. Adopted legal acts, laws, and ongoing works to prevent global water shortages around the world
4. Preservation of drinking water is the most important task that every human being must perform for present and future generations.
Conclusion
References.

Water is the source of life. Every living thing on earth is alive with water. Water makes up 71% of the planet. However, 97% of the water is in the oceans. Due to the high content of mineral salts in the ocean water, salt water is unfit for human consumption. Only 2.78% of the world's water is pure water that can be used by living organisms. Three-quarters of the annual water consumption is used for agriculture. More than 40% of the world's population lives in conditions of water scarcity and poor sanitation. Since 1991, 2.1 billion people around the world have access to clean water and quality sanitation, but their drinking water supply has been declining. In 2011, fresh water was on the verge of extinction in 41 countries, forcing them to turn to traditional sources of clean water. Great global changes are also taking place in the atmosphere and climate. This is a problem that concerns and worries not only one person or state, but the whole of humanity. Increased global warming is leading to drought. It is forecasted that by 2050, one in four people will suffer from water shortages. The protection and restoration of aquatic ecosystems, forests, mountain wetlands and river ecosystems is important for the water scarcity mitigation process. Improving access to safe drinking water and sanitation is one of the seventeen goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The largest freshwater resources are lakes, rivers, mountain glaciers, polar glaciers and groundwater. Today, African countries are suffering from water shortages. The reasons for the decline in freshwater resources are:

1. 
   Increased water consumption as a result of population growth. As a result, there is a shortage of arable land.
   
2. 
   Pollution of lakes, rivers and groundwater is increasing. Industrial wastes Toxic substances of fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture are released into the water. This in turn leads to an increase in the cost of filtering usable fresh water or makes it completely unusable.
   
3. 
   The careless waste of freshwater groundwater resources for millions of years. For example, a reservoir of water formed at great depths under the Sahara Desert. These reserves are not renewable, and even if they are renewed, they will slowly run out in a few years.
   
4. 
   Due to the effects of heat, the Earth's temperature has risen by about 0.8 degrees Celsius over the past 100 years. Climatologists predict that in the future the temperature will rise to an average of 6 degrees Celsius. This leads to water shortages in Europe and elsewhere.
   
5. 
   Excessive human consumption. A German family consumes about 100 liters of drinking water per person. Agriculture also consumes a lot of water. Also, a large part of the water flows imperceptibly from water systems, pipes as a result of corrosion.
   
6. 
   In many countries, the price of drinking water is heavily subsidized by the state. As a result, water is so cheap that its value is insignificant. The high price forces people to save water. The largest water reserves of our planet are accumulated at its bottom.
   

V.I.Vernadsky said that all the water in the Earth's crust is equal in volume to the water in the ocean. In our country, more than 20,000 rivers and streams, more than 10,000 lakes, more than 150 reservoirs. The best water resources in Belarus are groundwater. Surface waters became anthropogenically polluted in the late 1980s. Belarusian water contains petroleum products, nitrate phenols, heavy metal salts. In Belarus, the mineralization of the largest rivers has increased and in the near future pollutants have fallen into groundwater aquifers. The largest water consumption is in Asia (about 60% of the total rivers, mainly for irrigation), and the smallest in Austria is only 1%. Almost all groundwater and river water in California, Belgium, the Ruhr Basin, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Central Asia is depleted as a percentage of the world that still thrives. Today, more than 50 countries around the world have to solve the problem of drinking water supply. The problem of water shortage is primarily identified by 2 reasons:
First, uneven geographical distribution of water resources
Second, uneven distribution of the population. The presence of water ensures that it meets the requirements of sanitary and hygienic regulations. Because the main function of cleanliness is water.


2. Everyone knows that the water we consume affects our health with its composition. Naturally dissolved salts in water include gases and organic matter. The concentration of salt in water up to 1 g/kg is called salt water, and above it is called briny water. Ocean water contains 35 g/kg of salt. Ca2 +, SO +, Mg 2+ ions are more in fresh water, the concentration of Na + and K + ions increases with increasing mineralization. Gases dissolved in natural water can sometimes be hydrogen sulfide, carbon. Water is the lifeblood of human life. According to the ancient Greek philosophers, water is one of the four elements necessary for life (fire, water, air, earth). Water is the main process involved in photosynthesis in plants as a solvent. And produces organic matter from inorganic substances that are a source of nutrients for all heteratrophic nutrients. Two-thirds of the human body is made up of water. It is necessary to consume not less than 2-2.5 liters of water per day. The amount of water in the blood is 90%, 85% in the brain, 75% in the muscles, 65% in the liver, 28% in the bones and 25% in the adipose tissue. Many diseases also develop because most people consume 1/3 of the water. The location of any cell depends on the water balance. In a cell with enough water, the metabolism is stable and good. Metabolism in the cell leads to better tissue function, tissue organ function. The organ ensures the normal functioning of the organ system, and the organ system ensures the normal functioning of the organs. When there is not enough water, the cell loses its elasticity, the solubility of substances decreases and time is prolonged. This leads to various diseases. When a lot of water is consumed, it is excreted by the kidneys, and when drunk, the kidneys try to save it and the body is unable to produce enough waste products. This can lead to diseases such as pyelonephritis, nephritis, glomirulonephritis, which damage the first kidney cells. Chronic dehydration can cause serious damage to the joints. When water is not consumed in physical education, the coordination of rapid fatigue is impaired. Excessive sweating releases unnecessary salts. It is necessary to replace the water leaving the body. If it is not replenished, the amount of blood will decrease. Failure to replenish fluids can lead to heart failure. A dehydrated organism cannot cleanse the body of toxins. In dehydration, fatigue, muscle pain, dry eyes and mouth, intolerance to hot weather, discoloration. Even if a person is not thirsty, he should drink 1 glass of water every hour, if he drinks it all at once, he will not reach the thirsty cell. Nothing can replace a liquid as precious as water! Tap water should be boiled and filtered. It is impossible to drink water from open water basins, and many say that spring water is delicious and useful and can be drunk without fear. In fact, this is also wrong. Microorganisms are found in the air, in the soil, in living organisms, everywhere. Therefore, the water in open water bodies is filtered and then drunk. Boiling water is one of the main methods by which it softens water, evaporates volatile organic matter and some free chlorine. Boiling leads to the desalination of various salts. The water becomes soft. Regular consumption of distilled water impairs the immune system, heart rate (tachycardia), adversely affects the digestive process. The water must also contain sufficient elements. Water filtration removes mechanical contaminants and excess chlorine. By humans, water performs the following functions:

1. 
   Moisturizes oxygen during respiration
   
2. 
   Helps regulate body temperature
   
3. 
   Dissolves and absorbs nutrients
   
4. 
   Protects organs
   
5. 
   Reduces the frictional force of the joints and ensures fast and comfortable movement
   
6. 
   Helps to convert food into energy
   
7.