Historical background of typological investigations

The fourth factor is theinfluence of the translation and translation science.Translation is a quite ancient science. When people started to translate from one language into another they unconsciously compared two languages. That is why they consider translation to be the main part of typology.

The fifth factor is the influence of lexicography. The appearance of dictionaries was bound with applied need to transform and compare languages and national cultures. While compiling bi- or multilingual dictionaries a lexicographer conducts a comparison of all levels of language hierarchy: phonetic units, grammatical structure, lexical units, word formation, punctuation, etc.

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  The fifth factor is the influence of lexicography. The appearance of dictionaries was bound with applied need to transform and compare languages and national cultures. While compiling bi- or multilingual dictionaries a lexicographer conducts a comparison of all levels of language hierarchy: phonetic units, grammatical structure, lexical units, word formation, punctuation, etc.
  

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  The sixth factor is practical and theoretical study and teaching of foreign languages. Studying and teaching foreign language required comparison of languages that are taught and studied.
  

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