Haiti [or Repiblik Dayti; or République d'Haïti

Round 3
Tossups
1. Control of this colony was transferred in the Treaty of Basel shortly after Léger Sonthonax declared an end to slavery here. One ruler of this country declared himself Emperor Faustin I, and it spent nineteen years under U.S. Marine occupation, which was resisted by the "cacos." A civil war here ended with the defeat of Alexandre Pétion by Henry Christophe, a decade after Charles LeClerc failed put down the rebellion which gained its independence. Later, it was terrorized by the Tontons Macoutes. FTP, name this country founded by the rebellion of Toussaint-Louverture and later ruled by the Duvaliers.

ANSWER: Republic of Haiti [or Repiblik Dayti; or République d'Haïti]

2. The Cotton-Mouton effect results when it is applied to liquids, while in solids its application results in the Voigt effect, sometimes known as its namesake birefringence. Applying it to metals induces the formation of Landau levels to allow for the measurement of Fermi surfaces, and the propagation of light along the direction of one results in an angular shift proportional to the Verdet constant and is known Faraday rotation. The Lorentz equation gives the force exerted by it on a moving charge, and it is divergence free and can be given as the curl of the vector potential. FTP, identify this field which can be calculated from Ampere's law, the counterpart of the electric field.

ANSWER: magnetic field

3. One of his paintings shows an infant dipping his arm into a large marble basin while a woman in white and a nearly naked woman with a red sash are on either side. He showed an old servant woman in a white cap trying to catch an odd rain in another work, while another painting shows a naked woman with a hair bun embracing a man holding a staff and a dog's leash. In addition to Sacred and Profane Love, Danae and the Shower of Gold, and Venus and Adonis, this guy also showed a small dog at the feet of a title character and two women looking through a chest in another work. FTP, name this painter of Venus of Urbino.

ANSWER: Titian [or Tiziano Vecellio]

4. This book claims that "the moral sensibility is weak" in churches, because "the guarantee is high that nothing will occur." It claims that stigmatized people must emphasize their membership in "discredited" groups, refers to individuals who present models of response as "shills," and emphasizes the distinction between team and audience. Uses the "dramaturgical approach," this text claims that "fronts" are created through "dramatic realization," using the stage as a consistent metaphor. FTP, name this classic text of symbolic interactionism, a book by Erving Goffman about the social roles played during normal activity.

ANSWER: The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life

5. One of them, who was lured to the isle of Lyngvi in the "red-black lake," will be killed by the Thickmost Shoe. Two of them were the children of the Iron Wood resident Hrodvitnir and try to catch the offspring of Mundilfari. Freki and Geri are two who eat all of Odin's food, and the ones who pursue Mani and Sol are Hati and Skoll. One of them was tied to the rock Gioll by a device made from the roots of a mountain and the breath of a fish, the chain Gleipnir. Vidar will kill that one, which bit off Tyr's hand. FTP, identify these creatures from Norse myth, exemplified by Fenrir.

ANSWER: wolves [before "Hrodvitnir" is read, you can accept answers such as "children of Loki" or "children of Angrboda" or any other reasonable description of a group that includes Fenrir, who is the wolf referred to in the first sentence]

6. He defeated the first army sent against him, under the leadership of Claudius Glaber, by having troops rapel down a mountain on vines and attack from the rear. He appointed Crixus and Oenomaus as his chief aides after escaping from a school at Capua and establishing his base on Mount Vesuvius. After winning at Icenum and overcoming the consuls Lentulus and Publicola, he died at the Siler River in battle with Crassus, who was aided by Pompey in capturing refugees from the battle, six thousand of whom were crucified on the Appian Way in 71 BCE. FTP, name this gladiator who led a slave revolt against Rome.

ANSWER: Spartacus

7. In pigs, this peptide’s eighth amino acid residue is usually a lysine, but in humans, that residue is always arginine. Its receptors are blocked by tolvaptan, and it is sometimes inappropriately produced by small cell lung carcinomas. It is synthesized in the magnocellular neurons of the hypothalamus, and underproduction of or insensitivity to this hormone leads to diabetes insipidus. Its most important function sees it induce increased expression of aquaporin-2 in the collecting duct in the nephron, thus increasing blood volume. FTP, name this hormone produced by the posterior pituitary gland that causes water retention in the kidney and decreases the volume of the urine.

ANSWER: Anti-Diuretic Hormone or vasopressin

8. In one short story by this man, a soldier falsely claims that Lieutenant Brayle was bitten by a snake. Poems such as "The Transmigration of the Soul" and "A Lifted Finger" are found in his Black Beetles in Amber, and one of his books is subtitled as being the "Fables of Zambri the Parse." while another describes "a master, a mistress, and two slaves, making in all, two." One of his characters feels water-spiders and hears dragonflies, then runs through the forest for a day to return to his wife in Alabama, only to feel a blow upon his neck. FTP, name this author who created Peyton Farquhar in "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge."

ANSWER: Ambrose Bierce

9. Though usually mentioned in the singular, there are actually multiple examples of this object, each manufactured by the Mosler company before that firm was bought by Diebold. The Washington Post article which revealed its existence also made public the new "Treated As Top Secret SCI" classification and claimed that the purpose of this object is to hide certain items from the National Archives. Though its owner claims that it contains "everyday paperwork," Jon Stewart has opined that it holds a dead body or secret living quarters. FTP, name this comically large object in the West Wing office of the Vice-President.

ANSWER: Dick Cheney's man sized safe [accept answers such as "the safe in Dick Cheney's office" or other equivalents]

10. Polyhistidine tagged proteins are purified using divalent cations in a variation of this technique. Band broadening in this procedure is equal to the sum of terms related to the eddy diffusion, lateral diffusion, and resistance to transfer, a result known as Van Deemter’s equation. It can be sped up by pumping nitrogen gas through the apparatus, a variation called “flash” (*), and sepharose is used in the size exclusion variant of this procedure. DEAE or CM is used to separate particles by charge in the ion-exchange type. FTP, name this laboratory technique that separates an eluent by running it through a glass tube containing a stationary phase.

ANSWER: Column Chromatography (accept Affinity chromatography until *, prompt on chromatography)

11. One man integrated Judaism with this philosophy in such works as the Book of Definitions; that was Isaac ben Solomon Israeli. Exponents of this philosophy split over the magical art known as theurgy, which was studied by its Pergamum school. Proclus and Iamblichus made it more complex, though its original formulations emphasized union with "the Good" and a doctrine of levels of being. Those were described in the Enneads, one of the texts edited by Porphyry. FTP, name this philosophy founded by Plotinus, which revived the metaphysics of the guy who wrote Republic.

ANSWER: Neoplatonism

12. In a latter section of this work, a man who refuses to enter heaven without his dog is told that he has passed a test of constancy. Twelve years of exile are wagered in a dice game in this poem, which begins with a blind king abdicating in favor of his brother, but then coming back to rule with the advisor Bhisma. After victory in war over the Kauravas, Yudhishthira becomes king. Earlier, Draupadi is married to all five Pandava brothers, including the archer Arjuna. FTP, name this epic poem of India which contains Krishna's recitation of the Bhagavad Gita.

ANSWER: the Mahabharata [none of the clues apply to the Bhagavad Gita, so don’t accept that]

13. Early in his career, he found that it was impossible to write an opera based on Hugo's Hans of Iceland, and Alexander Gauk finished this man's opera The Marriage after his death. In the late 1860s, he wrote songs about such people as "The Seminarist" and "Darling Savishna," after first attracting notice with the Porte-Enseigne Polka. One of his long pieces contains interspersed "promenades" as well as depictions of the "Ballet of the Unhatched Chicks," "Hut on Fowl's Legs," and "Great Gate of Kiev." FTP, name this Mighty Five member who created Night on Bald Mountain and Pictures at an Exhibition.

ANSWER: Modest Petrovich Musorgsky

14. The lowermost portion of this region is known as the D’’ [d prime prime] layer. It is often modeled as two layers separated by the 670-kilometer discontinuity. Evidence for this region’s being hotter during the Archaean eon includes the abundance in cratons of komatiitic [coh-ma-tee-IT-ic] lava. Its upper portions are home to the low seismic velocity zones, and it is bounded below by the Gutenberg discontinuity, which separates it from another convecting region. Plumes of molten rock rise through, FTP, this layer of the Earth separated by the Moho discontinuity from the crust.

ANSWER: mantle

15. The man who held this office from 1975 to 1982 offered to prove that he was not facing an environmental crisis by drinking a glass of PCBs. Another man won this office three years after being denied renomination as Vice-President of the U.S. on the Benjamin Harrison ticket. In addition to Hugh Carey and Levi Morton, it was held for fourteen years by a man who lends his name to a notoriously harsh set of drug laws, and also by Samuel Tilden, Grover Cleveland, and both Theodore and Franklin Roosevelt. FTP, name this position more recently held by Mario Cuomo, George Pataki, and Eliot Spitzer.

ANSWER: governor of New York

16. In one of his books, Lord Dalgarno is killed by Richie Moniplies after marrying the rich Martha Trapbois. In another, a Valentine's Day matchup leads to the union of Henry Gow and Catharine Glover. He used the pen name "Jebediah Cleisbotham" for a series of books that includes The Black Dwarf and The Antiquary. That series is named for a book about shifting allegiances during Forty Five Rebellion, Waverly. FTP, name this man who created a book in which Issac of York flees to Spain and Cedric the Saxon consents to the marriage of Rowena to the title character, Ivanhoe.

ANSWER: Walter Scott

17. The national forest by this name contains Spruce Knob, and an "incline" by this name is the oldest funicular railway still in operation and provides cable-car transportation up and down Mount Washington. The river of this name was the first river ever spanned by a Fink-truss bridge and receives the Youghiogheny as a tributary at McKeesport. Formed at the meeting of the West Fork and Tygar near Fairmont, West Virginia, that river has Charleroi and Morgantown on its banks. FTP, name this river which joins the Allegheny at Pittsburgh to form the Ohio.

ANSWER: Monangahela River

18. Juan Antonio Ramirez claims that this artwork is meant to evoke themes of bisexuality, and William Glackens's son claims that Glackens broke it, explaining its dissapearance after its first exhibition. Alfred Stieglitz took a photograph of it in front of Marsden Hartley's painting The Warriors, and a 2004 poll of art historians called it the most important modern art work ever. Four years earlier, two members of the Anti-Stuckist movement attempted to use a replica of it for its original purpose at the Tate Modern. FTP, name this readymade signed "R. Mutt," actually found by Marcel Duchamp and consisting of an ordinary urinal.

ANSWER: Fountain

19. One person by this name called the Council of Sardica to combat Arianism. Another man by this regnal name established the Collegium Germanicum, and appointed Giovanni Palestrina as choirmaster of St. Peter's. While cardinal, that figure joined with the future Marcellus II and Reginald Pole to preside over the Council of Trent. Another Pope by this name joined the League of Cambrai to win back the Papal States from Venice, and decided to build new St. Peter's. FTP, give the common ruling name of these Popes, the second of whom commissioned a tomb and the Sistine Chapel ceiling from Michelangelo.

ANSWER: Julius

20. In one of his books, Nanda and Shridaman kill each other in a swordfight. In another, Madame Houpfle begs to have her jewels stolen by a man who then impersonates the Marquis de Venosta. In another novel by this author, the organist Wendell Kretschmar is a big influence on the composer of "Apocalypsis cum figuris," and in another, Christian begins to look English and Hanno dies young to extinguish the family line. Such characters as Serenus Zeitblom, Felix Krull, Adrian Leverkuhn, and the Buddenbrooks family appear in his books. FTP, name this author who also created Gustave von Aschenbach in Death in Venice.

ANSWER: Thomas Mann

Bonuses
1. Strong ones almost completely dissociate in solution. For 10 points each:

[10] Name these compounds that increase the conductivity of water when added. Generally, they are simply ions in a solution.

ANSWER: Electrolytes

[10] Electrolytes are one deviation from this law, which states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas at equilibrium.

ANSWER: Henry’s Law

[10] Henry’s Law is the reason that nitrogen dissolves in the bloodstream of deep-sea divers, resulting in this disease.

ANSWER: Decompression sickness or the Bends or caisson disease
2. Its title may refer to the flute played by the central character, who joins an orchestra in London. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this novel about the intellectual secretary to a miner's union who has an affair with Josephine Ford.

ANSWER: Aaron's Rod

[10] This author of Aaron's Rod also wrote The Plumed Serpent, Lady Chatterly's Lover, and Sons and Lovers.

ANSWER: David Herbert Lawrence

[10] Gerald Crich punches a rabbit and then gets angry at Gundrun Brangwen's sharing of a toboggan with the sculptor Loerke in this Lawrence novel, where Rupert and Ursula at least escape happily.

ANSWER: Women in Love
3. It was revived under Wovoka, who spread it throughout the Western United States and claimed that its practitioners could become immune to bullets. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this religious movement of American Indians, which sought to resurrect the dead and eject white settlers via ritualized movements.

ANSWER: the Ghost Dance

[10] The first Ghost Dance movement was started by this Paiute, of the Walker Lake Reservation, who claimed to have access to an alternate universe where the Indian culture was much more strong.

ANSWER: Wodziwob

[10] Wovoka's Ghost Dance, and specifically his claim about immunity from bullets, were discredited at this site in Pine Ridge, South Dakota, where Lakota under Big Foot were massacred by the Army in 1890.

ANSWER: Wounded Knee
4. Apollo sent a plague to the Greek camp at Troy after this priest was humiliated and rebuffed by Agamemnon. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this priest who was initially unable to persuade Agamemnon to free his daughter.

ANSWER: Chryses

[10] Agamemnon took this slave woman from Achilles after being forced to return Chryseis.

ANSWER: Briseis

[10] Briseis was the widow of Mynes, the son of this king of Lyrnessos. He shares his name with a son of Ares who threw himself in a river after Idas abducted his daughter Marpessa.

ANSWER: Evenus
5. It was said that one of her sisters loved money, one loved China, and she loved power. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this member of a trio of important wives in twentieth-century China, who advocated the New Life Movement and was the first lady of Taiwan for twenty-six years, often known by her husband’s name.

ANSWER: Soong Mei-Ling [or Chiang Mei-ling; or Madame Chiang or equivalents]

[10] Soong Mei-Ling's sister Soong Qinling, who "loved China," more directly loved this man whom she bigamously married. He led the Republic of China from its 1911 founding to his 1929 death.

ANSWER: Sun Yat Sen [or Sun Yixian; or Sun Wen; or Deming; or Sun Zhongshan]

[10] Soong Ailing, who "loved money," demonstrated that love by marrying this "richest man in China," who was a skilled finance minister and became president in 1938 during an interruption in Chiang's rule.

ANSWER: H.H. Kung [or Kung Hsiang-his]
6. Tell me stuff about social science at a certain university, for 10 points per part:

[10] Philip Zimbardo still can't identify the independent variable in this experiment, but did find out that people assigned as guards tend to behave sadistically.

ANSWER: Stanford Prison Experiment [prompt on partial answer]

[10] This Stanford sociolinguist examines the primacy of young speakers in language change, in such books as Linguistic Variation as Social Practice and the ethnography Jocks and Burnouts.

ANSWER: Penelope Eckert

[10] This Stanford psychologist was the formulator of the "reciprocal determinism" theory and conducted the "bobo doll" experiment to study aggression in children.

ANSWER: Albert Bandura
7. One method for finding them was developed by Richard von Mises, while the QR algorithm is more widely used today. FTPE:

[10] Name these scalars, usually denoted as lambda, that satisfy A times x equals lambda times x, where x is some vector.

ANSWER: eigenvalues

[10] The eigenvalues of a matrix came be used to find a set of eigenvectors, which is guaranteed to be a linearly independent spanning set, otherwise known as this.

ANSWER: basis

[10] This axiom, equivalent to the well-ordering theorem, the trichotomy law, and Zorn's lemma, can be used to show that every vector space has a basis. It was shown to be independent of Zermelo-Frankel set theory in 1963.

ANSWER: axiom of choice
8. Name these postwar French dramas, for 10 points each.

[10] Not to be confused with a Mariano Azuela novel set during the Carranza rebellion, this Jean-Paul Sartre play retells the story of Orestes and mentions that the title creatures plague Argos as punishment.

ANSWER: The Flies [or Les Mouches]

[10] A play within this play sees Samba Graham Diouf give birth to five puppets and play a young rape victim, and it ends with Archibald Wellington thanking his troupe of actors for conforming to stereotypes.

ANSWER: The Blacks: A Clown Show [or Les Negres: Clownerie] [by Jean Genet]

[10] Vladimir and Estragon muse about nothing much and Pozzo abuses Lucky in this Samuel Beckett absurdist piece.

ANSWER: Waiting for Godot
9. Answer some questions about genetic variation and evolution and all that, FTPE:

[10] This is the random change in allele frequencies over time. It affects smaller populations more than large ones.

ANSWER: Genetic drift

[10] Genetic drift is one of the 5 million ways that a population can deviate from this state. Exemplified by the formula p² + 2pq + q² = 1, it assumes random mating and no migration.

ANSWER: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

[10] This construct is used to explain the evolution of sex, and is an extension of the Hill-Robertson effect. Simply put, it states that asexual species irreversibly accumulate deleterious mutations over time.

ANSWER: Muller’s ratchet
10. Matt Dallas plays the navel-less title character, who is adopted by the Trager family. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this drama which can be found on the ABC Family channel.

ANSWER: Kyle XY

[10] The role of Tom Foss on Kyle XY is played by this actor who became nerd-famous in the 1990s as Krycek on The X-Files.

ANSWER: Nicholas Lea

[10] Kyle XY is set in this city, apparently a trendy TV locale as Dark Angel, The 4400, Grey's Anatomy, and Frasier also take place here.

ANSWER: Seattle
11. This is one step below Gurmukh in spiritual evolution, in which the individual has not yet achieved mukhti. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this state, meaning “pure”, created in 1669 by Guru Gobind Singh, to which all Sikhs are expected to aspire or achieve.

ANSWER: Khalsa

[10] The ceremony to become a Khalsa must be done in the presence of five Khalsas and this major scripture of Sikhism.

ANSWER: Adi Granth or Guru Granth Sahib

[10] That ceremony, analogous to baptism, involves the drinking of this concoction of sugar water stirred with a dagger.

ANSWER: Amrit
12. Name these rulers of Albania, for 10 points each.

[10] This Communist was the supreme ruler from 1944 to 1981, when he retired in favor of Ramzi Alia, and he made Albania a longtime ally of Maoist China.

ANSWER: Enver Hoxha

[10] In 1928, this Albanian president declared himself king and ruled until Mussolini invaded.

ANSWER: King Zog I [or Ahmed Bey Zogu]

[10] This fifteenth-century religious flipflopper preserved Albanian independence for twenty-two years as the leader of the princely confederation before the Ottomans succeeded in their fourteenth conquering try.

ANSWER: Skanderbeg [or George Kastrioti; or Castriota; or Gjergj Kastrioti]
13. Name these Wallace Stevens poems, for 10 points each.

[10] The "roller of big cigars" is called to make "concupiscent curds" following the death of a woman in this poem, which notes that the title figure is the only ruler of his kind.

ANSWER: "The Emperor of Ice Cream"

[10] The narrator urges "pale" Ramon Fernandez to "rage" for the title concept and remembers a woman who "sang beyond the genius of the sea" in this poem, presumably set in Florida.

ANSWER: "The Idea of Order at Key West"

[10] This opening poem of Harmonium describes the subjects as "bequeathing your white feathers to the moon/And giving your bland motions to the air" but notes that the soul can outfly the title creatures.

ANSWER: "Invective Against Swans"
14. This building’s great hall measures 110 by 55 by 55 feet, or a “double cube”, and once housed the Imperial War Museum. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this only surviving part of a palace in England, whose exterior façade contains Corinthian columns on the second floor but Ionic on the first. Both Christopher Wren and James Webb attempted to modify it, to no avail.

ANSWER: Banqueting House at Whitehall Palace [prompt on partial answer]

[10] Name the Palladio-inspired architect of the Banqueting House at Whitehall as well as the Queen’s House at Greenwich.

ANSWER: Inigo Jones

[10] The ceiling of the Banqueting House at Whitehall was painting by this Flemish artist of The Judgment of Paris, Andromeda, and other paintings with famously voluptuous nudes.

ANSWER: Peter Paul Rubens
15. Sung in 6/8 time, one of them represents June in Tchaikovsky’s The Seasons. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this Venetian song, often sung by gondoliers.

ANSWER: barcarolle

[10] A barcarolle known as the “Flower Duet” appears in this Leo Delibes opera about the love between a British officer and the daughter of a Brahmin priest.

ANSWER: Lakmé

[10] A barcarolle entitled “Night of the Stars” can be found in this man’s best known work “Tales of Hoffmann,” and he also composed “Orpheus in the Underworld.”

ANSWER: Jacques Offenbach
16. This man argued that “communicative action” was used to respond to crises, and broke with Marx by claiming that societies, not humans as a species, undergo an economic progression. FTPE:

[10] Name this author of Towards Reconstructing Historical Materialism.

ANSWER: Jurgen Habermas

[10] Habermas was not technically a member of this neo-Marxist school, whose members included Theodor Adorno, but is usually grouped with them since he added to the work begun by them.

ANSWER: Frankfurt School

[10] This other member of the Frankfurt School co-authored The Dialectic of Enlightenment with Adorno and in The Eclipse of Reason argued that true, objective reason is rationality and warned against “subjective reason”.

ANSWER: Max Horkheimer
17. This island contains the volcano Bagana within its Emperor Range. For 10 points each:

[10] The government at Buka has not yet reopened the Paguna copper mine on what island, named for a French circumnavigator?

ANSWER: Bougainville

[10] Bougainville is the largest member of this island group, but is not part of the country of the same name, whose capital is Honiara on Guadalcanal and which also includes Savo and New Georgia.

ANSWER: Solomon Islands

[10] The non-independent Solomon Islands are part of this country, which shares a big island to the north of Australia with the Indonesian state of Irian Jaya.

ANSWER: Papua New Guinea
18. It supplanted a similarly named "association" of Hume, Place, and Roebuck. For 10 points each:

[10] John Bright and Richard Cobden led what free-trade association in 1840s England, that sought the repeal of certain restrictions on the importation of grain?

ANSWER: the Anti-Corn Law League

[10] The Anti-Corn Law League saw its goals mostly achieved during this 1845 hunger crisis on a British-controlled island, which showed that restricting the import of food is a really dumb idea.

ANSWER: the Irish Potato Famine [or An Gorta Mor]

[10] This co-founder of the Catholic Association became the first Catholic in Parliament in centuries and was the leader of the Irish independence movement throughout the 1830s.

ANSWER: Daniel O'Connell
19. Answer some questions about rigid body motion, for 10 points each.

[10] This tensor quantity is the rotational analog of mass. When multiplied by the rotational frequency it gives the angular momentum vector.

ANSWER: moment of inertia

[10] This theorem, sometimes attributed to Steiner, allows one to calculate the moment of inertia of a body about any line co-planar with one passing through the center of mass.

ANSWER: parallel axis theorem

[10] For any rigid body, one can always pick three axes such that all rotations of that body are describable in terms of rotations about those axes. This is the name for those axes; the middle one is unstable and a body will tumble if forced to rotate around it.

ANSWER: Euler axes
20. Cleopatra is a popular literary character. For 10 points each:

[10] Meïamoun agrees to kill himself after getting with the queen in "One of Cleopatra's Nights," by this French "art for art's sake advocate" who also wrote Mademoiselle de Maupin and Enamels and Cameos.

ANSWER: Théophile Gautier

[10] Cleopatra swings by Rome for diplomatic purposes during one part of this Thornton Wilder novel, but protagonist Julius Caesar suspects she may be part of a plot against him.

ANSWER: The Ides of March

[10] This guy wrote Caesar and Cleopatra and a whole lot of other plays, such as Mrs. Warren's Profession, Pygmalion, and Man and Superman.

ANSWER: George Bernard Shaw