4. Absolyut, nisbiy va molyar massa
Ulgurmoq bu - muvaffaqiyat!
Мария Цветаева
Absolyut (haqiqiy) massa - 1 dona zarracha massasi.
Birligi g yoki kg. Mo yoki таb- bilan belgilanadi.
Molyar massa - 1 mol (6,02*10
23 ta) miqdordagi massa. Birligi g/mol. M - bilan belgilanadi.
Nisbiy atom massa (NAM) -
12С izotopi absolyut massasining 1/12 qismidan necha marta katta (оg’irligini) ekanligini ko’rsatuvchi kattalik. Birligi yo‘q,
birliksiz kattalikdir. Ar - bilan belgilanadi.
Molyar massa qiymati nisbiy molekulyar massaga teng bo’ladi, ammo nisbiy molekulyar massa birliksiz kattalik. Nisbiy molekulyar massa (Mr) - molekula
massasini atom massa birligida (uglerod birligida) ifodalanadi.
P.S.: Etalon o‘zgarsa, faqat nisbiv massa o'zgaradi (ortadi yoki kamayadi}. Absolyut (haqiqiy) va molyar massa. (1 moldagi massa) O’ZGARMAYDI!!!
Atom
massa birligi sifatida 12C izotopi absolyut massasining 1/12 qismi olingan (faqat uglerodning 12 izotopiga nisbatan) bo’lib, uning qiymati 1,66*10
-27 kg
yoki 1,66*10
24 g ga teng.
Masalan: kislorod molekulasi (O
2) uchun:
nisbiy molekulyar massasi 32; molyar massasi 32 g/mol; absolyut (haqiqiy) massasi 5,3156*10
-23 g.
Kislorodning nisbiy atom massasi massasi 16; (aslida kislorod bitta atomining massasi uglerod (
12C atom massasining 1/12 qismidan 16 marta katta ekanligini bildiradi.)
Kislorod atomining absolyut massasi 2,658*10
-23 g
yoki 16 m.a.b;
Kislorod atomining molyar massasi 16 g/mol
P.S.: Mo - absolyut (haqiqiy) massa, M-molyar
massa,
Mr - nisbiy molekulyar massa, u-massa atom birligi (m.a.b). (1 m.a.b = 1,66*10
24g),
Na - Avogadro doimiysi - 6,02*10
23mob1.
Mo -M / Na yoki Mo =M r u
u = l / Na
A) - Moddalarning molyar massasini (g/mol) va absolyut (haqiqiyiy) massasini (g) hisoblang.
1. Fe
2(Si0
3)
3 M = 340 g/mol
M
o = 340 / 6,02*10
23 = 56,478-10
-23g yoki M
o = 340 * 1,66*10
-24 = 56,478-10
-23g
2. Marganes (VII) oksid - Мn
2О
7_____________________________________________
3. Fosfor (Ш)
oksid - P2O
3_______________________________________________
4. Xlor (V) oksid-Cl
20
5_______________________________________________
5. Aluminiy sulfat - Аl(S0
4)
3 ____________________________________________________
6. Ammoniy fosfat - (NH
4)
3P0
4_ _____________________________________________________
7. Xrom (III) asetat - Сг(СНзСОО)з _____________________________________________________
8.
Kalsiy arsenat - Ca3(As0
4)
2________________________________________
9. Aluminiy permanganat - Аl(МnO
4)
3 ____________________________________________________
10. Temir (III) peryodat - Fe(I0
4)
3___________________________________________
11. Mis kuporosi - CuSO
4 * 5H
2O ____________________________________________________
12.
Berlin zangorisi - Fe4[Fe(CN)
6]
3 _____________________________________________________
13. Achchiqtosh - KAl(S0
4)
2 * 12H
20 _____________________________________________________
14. Xlorofill - C
55H
72MgN
40
5 ____________________________________________________
15. Gemogiobin - C
2954H
4516N
780S
12O
806Fe
4_________________________
B ) - Jadvalni to’ldiring.
№
|
Birikma formulasi
|
Birikmaning molyar massasi
|
Birikmaning absolut massasi
|
X element simvoli
|
1
|
X2S3
|
288
|
|
|
2
|
X2O5
|
|
5.55 * 10-22
|
|
3
|
PX3
|
|
|
Br
|
4
|
Al2X3
|
|
7.276 * 10-22
|
|
5
|
X20
|
3900
|
|
|
6
|
CuXO4
|
|
4.253 * 10-22
|
|
7
|
Al(XO4)3
|
|
|
|
8
|
Ca3(XO4)2
|
|
6.611 * 10-22
|
|
9
|
X3(PO4)2
|
601
|
|
|
10
|
X2(SeO3)3
|
|
7.824 * 10-22
|
|