Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

Annual Review of Psychology
65 (2014): 333–71.
Aurora and Franco Fonte, wife and husband founders and directors of Assetlink, in an interview with
the author, March 13, 2015.
:
Bill Damon, professor of psychology at Stanford Graduate School of Education, in an interview
with the author, July 20, 2015.
:
For example, detectives who have themselves been the victim of a crime are grittier and, in turn, more
engaged in their work. See Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, Elizabeth P. Shulman, and Angela L. Duckworth, “Survivor Mission: Do Those
Who Survive Have a Drive to Thrive at Work?” 
Journal of Positive Psychology
9 (2014): 209–18.
Kat Cole, president of Cinnabon, in an interview with the author, February 1, 2015.
Charlotte Alter, “How to Run a Billion Dollar Brand Before You’re 35,” 
Time
, December 2, 2014.
:
Jo Barsh, in an interview with the author, July 31, 2015.
Kat Cole, “See What’s Possible, and Help Others Do the Same,” from Kat Cole’s blog, 
The Difference
,
August 7, 2013, 
http://www.katcole.net/2013/08/see-whats-possible-and-help-others-do.html
.
David S. Yeager et al., “Boring but Important: A Self-Transcendent Purpose for Learning Fosters Academic
Self-Regulation,” 
Attitudes and Social Cognition
107 (2014): 559–80.
Their Work,” 
Academy of Management Review
26 (2001): 179–201. See also 
www.jobcrafting.org
 and Grant, 
Give and Take
, 262–
63. This section also reflects personal correspondence between the author and Amy Wrzesniewski, professor of organizational
behavior at Yale School of Management, October 20, 2015.
Interested readers can find a more complete list of questions that Bill Damon uses in his book, 
The Path to
Purpose: How Young People Find Their Calling in Life
(New York: Free Press, 2008), 183–86.
CHAPTER 9: HOPE
:
For a more expansive discussion of how hope can be conceptualized, see Kevin L. Rand, Allison D. Martin, and
Amanda M. Shea, “Hope, but Not Optimism, Predicts Academic Performance of Law Students Beyond Previous Academic
Achievement,” 
Journal of Research in Personality
45 (2011): 683–86. Also see Shane J. Lopez, 
Making Hope Happen: Create
the Future You Want for Yourself and Others
(New York: Atria Books, 2013).
“major”), in the spring of your freshman year and at the same time mapped out every class you intended to take. My official
concentration was the neurobiology track within biology, since neurobiology as a separate concentration was not created until years
later.
:
Steven F. Maier and Martin E. Seligman, “Learned Helplessness: Theory and Evidence,” 
Journal of
Experimental Psychology
105 (1976): 3–46. The seminal studies on learned helplessness actually had a triadic design, meaning that
there was a third condition: dogs who received no shock at all. In general, these dogs behaved similarly to those who were subjected
to stress 
with
control. Some of the material in this chapter is from an interview between Seligman and the author, July 20, 2015. See
also Martin E. P. Seligman, 
Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life
(New York: Pocket Books, 1990).
:
For more information on Aaron Beck, see 
www.beckinstitute.org
.
Christopher Peterson et al., “The Attributional Style Questionnaire,” 
Cognitive Therapy
and Research
6 (1982): 287–300. See also Lyn Y. Abramson, Gerald I. Metalsky, and Lauren B. Alloy, “Hopelessness Depression: A
Theory-Based Subtype of Depression,” 
Psychological Review
96 (1989): 358–72.
Peter Schulman, Camilo Castellon, and Martin E. P. Seligman, “Assessing Explanatory Style:
The Content Analysis of Verbatim Explanations and the Attributional Style Questionnaire,”