Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

Journal of Research in Music Education
56 (2009): 310 21.
Rasmussen, interview.
Noa Kageyama, performance psychologist at The Julliard School, in an interview with the author, September
21, 2015.
:
Lauren Eskreis-Winkler et al., “Using Wise Interventions to Motivate Deliberate Practice,” 
Journal
of Personality and Social Psychology
(in press).
:
Judith A. Ouellette and Wendy Wood, “Habit and Intention in Everyday Life: The Multiple Processes by Which Past
Behavior Predicts Future Behavior,” 
Psychological Bulletin
124 (1998): 54–74. See also, Charles Duhigg, 
The Power of Habit:
Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business
(New York: Random House, 2012).
:
Mason Currey, 
Daily Rituals: How Artists Work
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013), 217–18.
:
Ibid., 122.
William James, “The Laws of Habits,” 
The Popular Science Monthly
30 (1887): 447.
:
Robert Compton, “Joyce Carol Oates Keeps Punching,” 
Dallas Morning News
, November 17, 1987.
:
Terry Laughlin, head coach and chief executive optimist (not kidding, that’s his real title) of Total
Immersion Swimming, in an interview with the author, July 24, 2015.
Elena Bodrova and Deborah Leong, creators of the Tools of the Mind curriculum for early childhood
education, in an interview with the author, July 15, 2015. See also Adele Diamond and Kathleen Lee, “Interventions Shown to Aid
Executive Function Development in Children 4 to 12 Years Old,” 
Science
333 (2011): 959–64. Clancy Blair and C. Cybele Raver,
“Closing the Achievement Gap Through Modification of Neurocognitive and Neuroendocrine Function,” 
PLoS ONE
9 (2014): 1–13.
:
Gemmell, interview.
CHAPTER 8: PURPOSE
Alex’s Lemonade Stand, 
http://www.alexslemonade.org
.
Bloom, 
Developing Talent
.
Bloom, 
Developing Talent
, 527.

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Golden, interview.
:
Melissa Dribben, “Gracing the City Jane Golden Has Made Mural Arts the Nation’s Top Public Arts
Program,” 
Philadelphia Inquirer
, July 27, 2008, 
http://articles.philly.com/2008-07-27/news/25245217_1_jane-seymour-golden-globes-
philadelphia-s-mural-arts-program
.
:
Ibid.
Golden, interview.
Antonio Galloni, wine critic and founder of 
Vinous
, in an interview with the author, July 24, 2015
“Liv-Ex Interview with Antonio Galloni, Part One,” 
Liv-Ex Blog
, December 13, 2013, 
www.blog.liv-
ex.com/2013/12/liv-ex-interview-with-antonio-galloni-part-one.html
.
Galloni, interview.
These data are originally reported in Von Culin, Tsukayama, and Duckworth, “Unpacking Grit.”
Different scholars use the word 
purpose
in slightly different ways. Often it is emphasized that a goal, to be
purposeful, has to be meaningful to the self and, at the same time, beneficial to others. Here I emphasize the beyond-the-self aspect of
purpose because we already covered the more self-oriented motivation of interest in the last chapter.
:
Aristotle, 
The Nicomachean Ethics
, trans. David Ross (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2009), 5.
Sigmund Freud, “Formulations Regarding the Two Principles in Mental Functioning,” in 
The Standard Edition
of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud
, vol. 12, trans. James Strachey and Anna Freud (London: Hogarth Press,
1958), 218–26.
See John T. Cacioppo and William Patrick, 
Loneliness: Human Nature and the Need for Social