Grammar for ielts fiona Aish & Jo Tomlinson ■L& 11

Gram mar for IELTS
languagedownload.ir

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U nit?
Exam tip: 
Always double check the nouns and verbs in your answers. If you w rite a 
sin g u la r noun where the answ er is plural, your answ er w ill be m arked incorrect.
Exam practice: Reading - completing sentences
Read the following passage and answer the questions below, using only words from the text.
Ocean biodiversity
Both the levels of fish stocks and m am m al biodiversity in the w orld's oceans have been declining in 
recent years as a result of overfishing and m arine pollution. Yet new equipment and a return to more 
traditional ways of fishing have shown how this trend can be reversed. An example of this can be 
seen in the south Pacific where tuna fisherm en have started to use deep sea nets to tra w l the depths 
of the oceans in order to avoid catching and killing sm aller fish. The amount of sm all fish caught with 
these nets has already been reduced in the south Pacific and fisherm en in other oceans across the 
w orld are interested in exploring different techniques to minimize th e ir impact on ocean biodiversity.
This is evident in the Gulf Stream w here the seasonal w arm th of the sea is an im po rta n t factor 
in m aintaining both quantity and diversity. A few fishing com panies have been experim enting 
w ith m onitoring chlorophyll levels of the Gulf Stream to identify areas w hich are likely to a ttra ct 
fish due to the increase in plankton generated by the increased chlorophyll levels. This makes 
the fishing com panies more efficient and reduces th e ir environm ental im pact by reducing 
the am ount of travel. In addition, scientists have been w orking on identifying the sw im m ing 
channels of w hales in the A tlantic to ensure that ships do not cross the channels and interfere 
w ith the w hales’ com m unication. These scientists have discovered that disruption to the whales' 
com m unication channels from the noise of ships has a negative effect on th e ir breeding patterns. 
Every innovation in th is area is useful fo r protecting the diversity of the oceans in the future. With 
scientists, conservationists and fisherm en a ll w orking tow ards solutions, some progress-is being 
made in m an’s relationship w ith the oceans’ inhabitants.