How to Learn Content
If you’ve looked at much GMAT material, this question type should look familiar. We
are often asked which of the choices
must be true,
could be true, or
cannot be true, and
to tackle these questions, we need to be ready to make careful inferences. In this case,
the correct choice will be something that
must be true, so what do we know about the
rest? They may be true under some circumstances, or they may not be true at all. In
short, they
could be false.
In a sense, each step we take in manipulating
an equation is an inference, and as we go,
we need to keep checking to make sure that our inference is a logical one. For instance,
your first instinct might be to divide both sides of the equation by
y. This makes sense,
as long
as y is not 0. Since we have been told that
xy ^ 0, we can infer that
y & 0, so this
step is okay to take:
x>y = f
x *= y
Now we know that
x1 equals
y. What can we infer from this? It would be tempting
to infer that
y must be greater than
x, since we have to square x to make it equal to
y.
That is a dangerous inference, though, because we are assuming
some things about our
numbers. We might slow down and ask ourselves, “Could
x be equal to or greater than
y and still fit this equation?” Sure
—x could be 1, in which case
x1 = y = 1, or x could
be a fraction, in which case
x1 (and therefore
y) would equal a smaller fraction. These
possibilities allow us to eliminate answer choices (A), (B), and (C).
So what is a safe inference? Answer choices (D) and (E) are dealing with positive and
negative. What do we know there? If
x1 =
y, we don’t know much about the sign of
x.
Whether x is negative or positive, we’ll get the same result when we square it—a posi
tive number. From this, we know that
y must be positive. The answer is
(D).
At this point, you might be noticing a difference between mathematical inferences and
verbal inferences. To make mathematical inferences, you have to apply mathematical
rules! If you feel confident in your ability to apply those rules, you might find math
ematical inferences easier and more comfortable than verbal inferences. On the other
hand, if you feel shaky about math, each new problem may feel like a fraternity hazing.
In either case, the important thing is that you focus not just on memorizing an endless
list of rules, but on carefully applying what you know in order to make inferences. In
fact, we might sum up the formula to getting a top GMAT score this way: “Learn the
relevant content, and use it to make inferences while keeping an eye on the clock.” It
sounds easy now, right?
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