Globalization – Empire Building

More Encroachment

• Jurisdiction over open areas
• Arctic and Antarctic
• High Seas
• Airspace
• 1982 U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea
• Endangered ocean species – regulating whaling
• Environmental problems don’t stop at borders
• Air pollution: acid rain, ozone depletion, global warming
• Water pollution – rivers, seas, & oceans
• International terrorism, i.e. N.Y. 9/11/2001

Devolution Movements are on the rise also

• Serious threats:
• Canada
• Spain
• United Kingdom – less serious except for N. Ireland.
• Russia -
• Afghanistan
• Recent examples:
• Former Yugoslavia
• Former Soviet Union
• Former Czechoslovakia

Factors that assist devolution

• Differences between the majority and a significant minority
• Language & religion – very emotional
• Economic development
• Historic animosity
• The minority is the dominant element in a somewhat compact region of the country
• Minority’s territory is more peripherally located than centrally located
• Minority is encouraged (financed) by another country or foreign organizations

DEVOLUTION

• Sadly, terrorism is becoming a more frequently used tool by groups seeking “self-determination.”

Terrorism Factor

• Terrorism has struck on every continent except Australia

• Ulster, N. Ireland Grozny, Chechnya Basque - Spain

• Kashmir shelling Sri Lanka, truck bomb E. Timor victims

Cold War Europe

• Soviet Union split apart
• Eastern European countries became truly free and sovereign.