Giorgi baRaTuria

Рецензент – профессор Чиаурели Вано Борисович, Грузинский технический университет.
roza gafrindaSvili
koleqtivisturi da individualisturi kulturebi da ekonomikur-sulieri zrdis tendenciebi
Tanamedrove ganviTarebuli qveynebis sociologebi da fsiqologebi socialuri dinamikis mTavar faqtorad adamianis fsiqikas miiCneven. temperamenti, nebisyofa, xasiaTi, mosazrebuloba, aqtiuroba, siTamame, sakuTar cxovrebaze pasuxismgebloba _ is funqciebia, rac adamianebis pirad warmatebebs, saboloo jamSi ki qveynis ganviTarebasac ganapirobebs. fsiqikis rolze aqcentis gadatana industriuli qveynebis gamocdilebam ganapiroba [5].
dasavleTis industriuli (ganviTarebuli) qveynebis kulturas, individualisturs uwodeben, raki iq axal­gazrdobis periodi mSoblebisagan gancalkevebisa da pirovnuli, damoukidebeli `me~-s gamoyofis periodadaa miCneuli.
individualisturi kulturis mixedviT adamianebi ise ki ar unda moiqcnen, rogorc maTgan moelian an moiTxoven! cxovreba ufro warmatebuli da mravalferovani iqneba, Tu adamianebi TviTon gansazRvraven TavianT `me~-s da sakuTar Zalebsa da unarebs irwmuneben. amis dasamtkiceblad socilogiuri kvlevis Sedegebs iSvelieben, rac uCvenebs, rom es adamianebi kargad swavloben, bevr fuls Souloben, ar ewevian, ar loToben da ase Semdeg [2].
azia-afrikis, anu `mesame samyaros~, anu ganviTarebadi qveynebis kulturas koleqtivisturs uwodeben. aq mTavari Rirebuleba koleqtivizmia, sadac kultura urTierT­damokidebuli adamianebis aRzrdas emsaxureba. am kulturis qveynebSi individualuroba sxvebzea damokidebuli; sazogadoebis mizani `me~ individis ganviTarebisken ki ar aris mimarTuli, aramed Tana­moqalaqeebTan harmoniis miRwevasa da maTi mxarda­Werisaken. adamianTa TviTSefasebac imazea damokidebuli, ras fiqroben masze sxvebi. individualisturi kulturis qveynebSi ki TviTSefasebisas sxvebis azrs mniSvnelobas ar aniWeben.
individualistur kulturebSi pirovnulobis SenarCunebasa da materialur siuxves `yovelgvari socialuri kavSirebis gawyvetas~ umadlian (ojaxTan, megobrebTan, SromiT koleqtivebTan da a.S). iq adamianebi Tavs uflebas aniWeben datovon samsaxuri, saxli da eklesiac ki, sakuTari TavisaTvis ukeTesi SesaZleblobebis ZiebaSi; `iyav damoukidebeli!~ _ aseTia maTi lozungi. dasavleTis pirovnebis fsiqologiis sqemaa _ `me imitom ar varsebob, rom Seni molodini gavamarTlo; arc Sen xar imisTvis dabadebuli, rom Cemi gaamarTlo~ [1].
koleqtivistur kulturebSi msgavs gamonaTqvams iSviaTad SexvdebiT. maTi devizia _ `iqonie pasuxis­mgebloba sxvebis winaSe!~, rac adamianTa umravlesobas pasiuri cxovrebis wesisaken ubiZgebs, misi nakli sxvis imedad yofnaa. sxvisi moimede adamiani ki Tavisi unarebis ganviTarebas ar cdilobs. amis gamo, igi Tavisi cxovrebis yvelaze nayofier wlebs uqmad atarebs. mis problemebs ki sxvebi agvareben _ mSoblebi, megobrebi, naTesavebi, saxelmwifo...
individualisturi kulturis qveynebis upiratesobebi sakmaod efeqturadaa mocemuli da dasabuTebuli devid maieris `socialur fsiqologiaSi~.
mis dasabuTebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos, agreTve, erix fromis `kulturuli fsiqoanalizi~ [6]; nimuSad gamo­d­geba mis mier `incestis~ cnebis interpretacia;
fromis gagebiT `incesti~ aris bavSvad darCenis Zlieri survili. mas, vinc es survili ver gadalaxa, survili aqvs, rom ganuyrelad Tavis mfarvelebTan imyofebodes, romelTagan yvelaze axlobeli da gavleniani dedaa; droTa ganmavlobaSi mSoblebTan siaxloves meuRle, partniori, megobrebi, saxelmwifo, politikuri partia, religiuri mikuTvnebuloba, an sxva, romelime instituti Caenacvleba. yvelaferi es adamianis mier sakuTar Tavisufal arsebad gancdis uunarobis simptomia. sanam adamiani dedaze, mamaze, naTesavebze an sxva axloblebzea damokidebuli, maT imedzea, Tavs usafrTxod grZnobs _ mis gamo pasuxs sxva agebs. mas ar surs damoukidebeli arseboba, radgan, maSin igi Tavis moqmedebaze TviTon iqneba pasuxismgebeli; amitom urCevnia usafrTxo da Tbil garemoSi icxovros, misi problemebi ki sxvebma moagvaros. magram es Zalian Zviri ujdeba _ igi srulyofil adamianad ver yalibdeba _ ver anviTarebs Tavis unarebs; yvela sxva moqmedeba mfarvelebis avtoritetiTaa gansazRvruli; sakuTari mosazrebebi da Sexedulebebi ara aqvs; igi grZnobs simpaTias Tavisi mfarvelebis mimarT, rac mas siyvaruli hgonia, magram esaa cxoveluri simpaTia, `Tavlis siTbo~ da ara adamianuri, uangaro siyvaruli, risi pirobac Tavisufleba da damoukideblobaa [2].
cxadia, aseTi mfarvelobiTi, sxvisi moimedeobiTi damokidebuleba, roca is romelime sazogadoebisaTvis tipiuria, Tavis gavlenas ekonomikur winsvlazec axdens _ xels uSlis da abrkolebs novatorul iniciativebs, raki cxovrebis sadaveebi xelT konservatiulad moazrovne Taobas upyria.
imisaTvis, rom adamiani damoukidebel adamianad iqces, saWiroa man incestuozuri kavSirebi gawyvitos da Tavisufali gaxdes. es procesi mtkivneulia, magram gardauvalicaa, radganac kacobrioba koleqtivizmidan individualizmisaken miemarTeba [2].
Tavisufleba didi pasuxismgeblobaa magram, amasTan, Tamami azris, gardaqmnis, winsvla-ganviTarebis pirobacaa.
Tavisi poziciis gasamagreblad erix fromi religias iSveliebs; misi TqmiT, budas martoobaSi hqonda STagonebani; edemis miTSi adamianuri arseboba aRwerilia rogorc usafrTxo; usafrTxoeba ki ganviTarebisa da WeSmariti Tavisuflebis mteria. kacobriobis namdvili istoria daumorCileblobis aqtidan iwyeba _ esaa pirveli nabiji Tavisuflebisa da gonebis ganviTarebis gzaze. samoTxis usafrTxoebisagan ganTavisufleba ada­mianis WeSmariti ganviTarebis safuZvels qmnis [1].
ase asabuTeben individualisturi kulturebis ideologebi incestuozur kavSirTa rRvevis sikeTes. Tumca, TviTonve iZulebulni arian aRiaron, rom am urTierTobebisagan (mSobliuri, megobruli, naTesauri, religiuri...) gaTavsuflebuli adamianebi martoobis, daucvelobis, arsebobis absurdulobisa da samyaroSi upatronod dagdebulobis grZnobebiT itanjebian [6].
amgvarad, Tanamedrove evro-amerikul ideologias umaRles Rirebulebad individualizmi miaCnia, xolo koleqtivizmi _ damRupvelia, raki igi pirad inicia­tivebsa da ganviTarebis stimulebs axSobs da sxvisi moimedeobis fsiqikas ayalibebs. maTi azriT koleqtivisturi kulturis qveynebi amitom CamorCnen ganviTarebas im dros, roca individualisturi kulturis qveynebma arnaxul teqnikur da ekonomikur warmatebebs miaRwia; arada komfortze pretenziebi koleqtivisturi kulturis qveynebsac aranaklebi aqvT!.
Tu ganviTarebadi qveynebis mTavari maxasiaTeblebiT vimsjelebT unda vigulisxmoT, rom saqarTveloc koleqtivisturi kulturis qveynebis rigSi moiazreba, raki aq didia umuSevrobisa da siRatakis maRali maCveneblebi, import-eqsportis uaryofiTi saldo, sasazRvro da Sida konfliqtebis maRali done, plus mosaxleobis didi umravlesobis orientacia _ udar­deloba_garToba_drostarebi-sadmi da sakuTari problemebis gadaWrisas sxvisi moimedoba, rac ganviTarebul qveynebs aiZulebT saqarTvelos daexmaron.
Tumca, isic dabejiTebiT unda iTqvas, rom qarTuli mentalitetisaTvis jer kidev Zvisfasia kacobriobis tradiciuli Rirebulebebi _ ojaxuri, naTesauri, mezobluri, megobruli kavSirebi, erovnuli da religiuri mikuTvnebuloba da a.S., rasac mdidari, individualisturi kulturebi ukve Tavadve mistirian [3].
am qveynebis gamocdilebiT SeiZleba viswavloT im Rirebulebebis dafaseba da gafrTxileba, risTvisac Rirs arseboba! Tumca is naklic unda vaRiaroT da gavi­TvaliswinoT, rac am Rirebulebebis gafetiSebas SeiZleba axldes, esaa sxvisi moimedeoba, proteqcionizmi da damaxinjebulad gagebuli nacnob-megobrobaa, rac xSirad pasiurobis, uiniciativobis, axloblebis mimarT pretenziulobis, warumateblobis da ekonomikuri Camor­Ce­nilobis mizezi xdeba.
saqarTvelosTvis, rogorc evropul-aziuri kulturebis mijnaze ganfenili qveynisTvis, ZvelberZnuli sibrZne _ araferi zedmeti! _ am SemTxvevaSic friad saWiro Segonebad gamodgeba.