Giorgi baRaTuria

subsidiis principi
subsidiis principi namdvilad erT-erTi umTavresi sayrdenia romaul kaTolike eklesiis socialur swavlebaSi, mas aseve iyeneben publicistikuri xasiaTis iuridiuli swavlebis sferoSi da iuridiuli normativebis SemuSavebis procesSi (maastrixis xelSekruleba evrokavSirze); es aris erTi-erTi principi, romelsac dRes ZaluZs orientiris micema axladaRmocenebul problemebze. ras niSnavs es principi? Tavad sityva momdinareobs laTinuridan subsidium da niSnavs daxmarebas. igi efuZneba adamianis, rogorc "racionaluri da socialuri arsebis" gamocdilebas, mis TviTSecnobas da sxvebisadmi gulgaxsnilobas, sxvebTan gaerTianebas, "asocirebas" im mizniT, rom Camoyalibdes "societas", sazogadoeba; am gzaze adamianis aRmoaCens Tavisi Zalebis "ukmarisobas" miznebis misaRwevad, ris gamoc igi sxvebis daxmarebas saWiroebs, dawyebuli axloblebidan (ojaxi, sofeli...) damTavrebuli Sorsmyofebamde (mTeli msoflio). sazogadoebaSi TviTdamkvidrebis procesSi adamiani Tavisufal pirovnebaTa Soris aRmoaCens Tavis Tavs, pasuxismgebels sakuTar cxovrebaze da Rirseuli arCevanis gakeTebaze. religiuri, politikuri, kulturuli, rekreatiuli, profesionaluri Tu sxva daniSnulebis organizaciebi, e.w. saSuamavlo organizaciebi, sakuTari saqmianobis centrSi pirovnebas ayeneben; gamodian mciredan, "personadan" da midian sayovelTaomde "universalamde"; am principma rom Tavisi WeSmariti saxe ar dakargos, unda SeinarCunos es mimarTuleba; xolo piriqiT, sayovelTaodan mcireSi gadasvlas, magaliTad, socialur sferoSi moaqvs totalitaruli saxelmwifos arseboba sazogadoebaSi da individis Tavisuflebis da pasuxismgeblobis safrTxeSi Cagdeba.
ai, ramdenime klasikuri formulireba:
subsidiis principis mixedviT, qveynis roli saxelmwifoebriv organizaciebSi asea miniSnebuli pius XII-s mier: "marTalia, [...] mravali ram sazogadoebaSi mxolod didi asociaciebis mier xorcieldeba, iq sadac pirvelad sruldeboda mcireTa mier. magram uryevad unda darCes umniSvnelovanesi principi socialur filosofiaSi: vinaidan usamarTloa moaklo individebs is, risi SesrulebaT maT SeuZliaT sakuTari ZalebiT da saqmeebiT...aseve usamarTloa miando Zlier da dawinaurebul sazogadoebas is, risi gakeTebac SeuZlia mcire da CamorCenil sazogadeobebs. es erTdroulad gaxlavT sazogadoebis samarTliani wyobis ganadgureba da seriozuli ziani. radganac Tavad sazogadoebis mier nebismieri Carevis bunebrivis arsi mdgmareobs socialuri sxeulis wevrTa damatebiTi daxmareba da ara misi ganadgureba da STanTqma".
ekonomikur sferoSi es principi ioane XXIII-m ase Camoayaliba Mater et Magistra-Si: "yovelTvis Tavidan unda iqnes gansazRvruli is principi, rom saxelmwifos roli ekonomikur sferoSi, Tundac farTo da gamWoli, ar unda xorcieldebodes calkeul moqalaqeTa pirad iniciativaTa Tavisuflebis SezRudvis mizniT, piriqiT, uzrunvelyon am sferoSi rac SeiZleba meti efeqturi dacva, TiToeulisa da yvela pirovnebis arsebiTi uflebebiT, romelTa Soris gasaTvaliswinebelia ufleba, riTac calkeul pirebs eniWebaT Cveulebriv Tavad iyvnen pasuxismgeblebi sakuTari Tavisa da sakuTari ojaxis rCenaze.es ki gulisxmobs imas, rom ekonomikur sistemaSi nebadarTuli da gaiolebulia warmoebiTi saqmianobis Tavisufali ganxorcieleba".
ioane pavle II Familiaris consortio-Si subsidiis princips Semdegnairad gamoxatavs ojaxur cxovrebaze saubrisas:"zogierTi krebuli, rogoricaa ojaxi da sazogadoebrivi Temi, yvelaze uSualod pasuxoben adamianis bunebas. isini ucilobels warmoadgenen misTvis. im mizniT, rom waxalisdes adamianTa rac SeiZleba metiricxvis monawileoba socialur cxovrebaSi, xeli unda SevuwyoT "ekonomikuri, kulturuli, socialuri, sportuli, rinkreaciuli, profesionaluri, politikuri mizniT" asociaciebisa da dawesebulebaTa daarsebas, rogorc politikuri sazogadoebebSi, aseve msoflio masStabiT". amgvari "socializacia" Tanabrad gamoxatavs adamianebis bunebriv swrafvas gaerTianebebisken, raTa miaRwion miznebs, romelTa Sesrulebac aRemateba erTeul adamianTa Zalebs. igi aviTarebs pirovnebis unarebs, gansakuTrebiT iniciativis suliskveTebas da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas. wvlili Seaqvs sakuTari uflebebis dacvaSi".
yovelive imis dasturad, rom subsidiis principi ar gaxlavT meoradi elementi, aramed es aris anTropologiuri kriteriumi da mravlismetyveli socialuri filosofia, rac pirovnebisa da sazogadoebas Soris urTierTobis koncefciis maxasiaTebelia, SegviZlia moviSvelioT kaTolike eklesiis katexizmo: "am principis safuZvelze, adamianma, Tavis msgavsebTan erTad, yovelmxriv unda Seitanos wvlili sazogadoebis saerTo keTildReobis saqmeSi. yovelive amiT eklesiis socialuri moZRvreba upirispirdeba socialuri Tu politikuri individualizmis yvela formas".
subsidiis principis irgvliv gaerTianebuli sazogadoeba Semdeg rols ganusazRvravs sajaro xelisuflebas:
- ar daabrkolos pirovneba sakuTar miswrafebebsa da miznebis Tavisufal arCevanSi, rogorc calkeulad aseve jgufurad; piriqiT, daexmaros mas.
- uzrunvelyos pirobebi imisaTvis, rom sazogadoebis mxridan saqmianobis avtonomiurobis principi cariel mtkicebulebad ar darCes, piriqiT, aqtiurad waeSvelos calkeul pirTa qmedebebs da socialur gamocdilebebs im normebisa da RonisZienebebis safuZvelze, rac iuridiul da ekonomiur mxardaWeras isaxavs miznad. swored politikur avtoritets akisria "subsidium"-is, anu sazogadoebaze daxmarebis roli. saxelmwifo ver Secvlis civilur sazogadoebas, igi ifargleba nebarTvebis gacemiT, raTa sazogadoebam Tavad SeZlos socialuri saqmeebis ganxorcieleba. saxelmwifos akisria e.w. "damatebiTi" fuqncia, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom unda CaerTos maSin, rodesac dabal safexurze mdgomi socialur-politikuri realoba sakuTari ZalebiT veRar axorcielebs Tavis rols; xolo, rodesac ki saxelmwifos Caereva araa aucilebeli, magram mainc Caeria, misi es qmedeba ukanonobad unda iqnes miRebuli. saxelmwifos umTavresi valia koordinacia gauwios sxvadasxva saqmianobas mTeli sazogadoebis ganviTarebisa da saerTo saxalxo sikeTis gaZlierebisTvis. subsidiis principis iniciativa pirvel rigSi unda modiodes piradi iniciatividan da organizaciidan, da ara piriqiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom swori ar iqneba Tuki moxaliseoba, soc.daxmareba, qvelmoqmedeba an kerZo saqme am principis TvalsazrisiT CaAereva iq, sadac saxelmwifos ar SeuZlia sivrceebis gadafarva Tavisi valdebulebebis Seusruleblobis gamo; am saxis Careva, saxelmwifosTan SedarebiT, subsidiuri iqneba, maSin rodesac piriqiT unda xdebodes. aSkaraa gansxvaveba im saxelmwifoTa Soris, romelic "subsidiis" principze awyobili da romelic ubralo decentralizaciis princiT moqmedebs, anu sakuTari centris periferiebisken gadasroliT. aucilebeli piroba an Sedegi aris is, rom sazogadoebaSi mimdinare yvela saqmianobas mieces ufro sajaro xasiaTi vidre kerZo, im sababiT, rom saxelmwifos mier ar xorcieldeba; am TvalsazrisiT, cxadia "sajaro" ar niSnavs "saxelmwifos". unda davazustoT, rom subsidiis principi, marTalia Zalian hgavs politikuri liberalizmisa da/an ekonomiuri liberalizmisTvis damaxasiaTebel zogierT Teziss, igi mainc ucxoa, vinaidan saxelmwifo ar gaxlavT ubralo laissez-faire (ekon. liberizmi), igi "kanonTa da politikur instituciaTa kompleqsuri" (Rerum novarum) amoqmedebaa saxelmwifo administraciaSi;
rvaasiani wlebis liberalizmis mier Teoriulad gacxadebul "gaakeTebine"-sa da statalizmisTvis damaxasiaTebel "gaakeTe piradad"-s Soris, eklesiis socialuri swavlebis mixedviT, sajaro dawesebuleba valdebulia airCios principi "daexmare keTebaSi" (kard. bifi).
Tu kargad davinaxavT, finansuri krizisi swored am principis ugulebelyobiT aRmocenda. finansebi subsidiuri saxis unda iyos realuri ekonomikisTvis da ara piriqiT, bankebi da SromiTi birJebi subsidiur xasiaTs unda atarebdnen warmoebiT sistemaSi da ara piriqiT; jandacvis sadazRvevo sistema subsidiuri unda iyos ojaxebisTvis da ara piriqiT; normebi unda iyos subsidiuri da uzrunvelyon yvelaferi es da maT mxolod funqciuri saxe ar unda hqondeT; ar pasuxebSia gaTvaliswinebuli es principi, gansakuTrebiT saxelmwifos intervenciebiT sabanko Tu msxvili warmoebis kapitalSi; pirdapir intervenciebs albaT ajobebda arapirdapiri gzebi, ase Tavidan iqneboda acilebuli axali saxelmwifoebrivi "interventizmi".
amrigad, SegviZlia gavagrZeloT Cveni saubari imaze, Tu rogor SeiZleba gadmoices subsidiis principi samoqalaqo sazogadoebaSi (movaleobebi sazogado, kerZo struqturebSi, mesame seqtorze, sazogadoebriv koperativebSi, arasaSemosavlo, samoxaliseo dawesebulebebSi...., swored es seqtori izrdeba dRes evrokavSirSi) da samoqalaqo administraciis reformiT (dawyebuli skolidan, jandacvidan....); rodesac romelime eris ekonomika krizisSia, seriozulad unda dafiqrdnen saxelmwifo warmoebebis produqtiulobaze, menejerTa anazRaurebaze, rogorc kerZo aseve saxelmwifo struqturebSi, rac zogjer 1-dan 300-mde sxvaobas iZleva.