Gerund-Infinitive

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Gerund-Infinitive
1.
A) stop B) enjoy
finish mind +Ving
postpone suggest to verb
consider think eg:I enjoy reading(not to read)
enjoy
suggest
sub + admit +Ving C) imagine
think stop +(object)+Ving
deny keep
avoid eg:You can’t stop me doing what I want
risk
imagine
fancy
give up(toqtatiw)
put off(izge qaldiriw)
go on=continue=carry on(dawam ettiriw)
keep=keep on(isley beriw) eg:I’ve given up reading newspaper


D) Active: present→Sub+verb+Ving
past→Sub+verb+having V3
Passive: present→Sub+verb+(smb/smth)being V3 eg: I can’t imagine being beaten in this village
past→Sub+verbed+having been V3 eg:They admitted having stolen the money


E) deny
admit +that+sub+verb
suggest eg:Salim suggested that we went to the cinema.


stop+Ving stop+verb
↓ ↓
«ислеўди тоқтатыў» «ислеў ушын тоқтатыў»
eg:They stopped talking eg:They stopped to talk
2.
A) offer B) seem
plan appear
forget sub+ tend + to verb
threaten pretend
agree claim
arrange
sub+ deserve + to verb
learn
refuse
hope
promise
fail
decide
manage
afford


C) positive forms: Sub+verb+to verb eg:We decided to go out
negative forms: Sub+verb not+to verb eg:We decided not to go out


D) Infinitive continuous: Sub+verb+to be Ving eg:I pretended to be reading the newspaper.
Infinitive perfect:Sub+verb+to have V3 eg:You seem to have lost weight.


E) Sub+dare+(to) verb Sub+daren’t+verb (bare infinitive)
↓ ↓
eg:I wouldn’t dare to tell him(=dare tell) eg:I daren’t tell him what happened.


F) ask G) show
decide tell what
know sub+ ask + smb + how +to verb
remember what advise where
Sub + forget + how +to verb teach
explain whether eg:Can somebody show me how to change the film in this camera?
learn where
understand
wonder
eg:We asked how to get to the station.


3 .


A) would prefer would prefer would prefer
mean(=intend) mean(=intend) mean(=intend)
help help help
s ub+would like+ to verb sub+would like+ smb + to verb sub+would like+ that+sub+verb
expect expect smth expect
beg beg beg
want want want
ask ask ask
eg:Would you like to go now? eg:Would you like me to go now? eg:Do you want me to come with you? (not Do you want that I come)

B)
sub+help+to verb = sub+help+verb
eg:Can you help me to move this table? = Can you help me move this table?


C) tell
remind
force
encourage
teach
sub + enable + (object) + to verb
order
warn
invite
persuade
get(=persuade,arrange for) eg:He warned me not to touch the switch.
passive voice:I was warned not to touch the switch.


D )
Sub + suggest + object + to verb


eg: Munisa suggested that I should ask your advice.(not Munisa suggested me to ask)


E)
advice advice
Sub + recommend + Ving Sub + recommend + object + to verb
allow allow
permit permit
forbid forbid
encourage encourage


eg: 1)I wouldn’t advice staying in that hotel. eg: 1)I wouldn’t advice anybody to stay in that hotel.
2)They don’t allow parking in front 2)They don’t allow people to park in front of the building.
of the building.


F) passive (be) allowed
1)Parking isn’t allowed in front of the building. 2)You aren’t allowed to park in front of the building.




G) Sub + make + verb Sub + make + smb +verb Sub + make +to verb Sub +make+smb+to verb
let let let let
passive: (be) made to verb
eg:We were made to wait for two hours.(=They made us wait for two hours)


4.


A) admit B) afford
fancy fail
postpone agree
avoid offer
finish forget
Sub+ risk + Ving Sub + plan + to verb
consider arrange
imagine hope
stop promise
deny decide
keep(on) learn
suggest refuse
enjoy manage
mind manage
threaten
deserve


C)
Sub + (to remember) + Ving Sub + (to remember) + to verb
2 1 1 2
«ислеген ис-ҳәрекетин есине тусиў» «енди илейтуғын ис-ҳәрекети есине тусиў»
eg:I know I locked the door. I clearly remember eg:I remember to lock the door.
locking it.


D)
Sub + (to regret) + Ving Sub + (to regret) + to verb
2 1 1 2
« қылған ис-ҳәрекетин өкиниў» *to verb= to tell, to inform you
« … ды айтып атырғанына өкиниў»

eg: I now regret saying what I said.
I shouldn’t have said it. Мен ҳәзир айтқан гәпимнен өкиништемен. Айтпағаным жақсы еди.


eg: (from a formal letter) We regret to inform you that we cannot offer you the job. Биз сизге жумыс бере алмайтуғынымызды айтып атырғанымыздан өкиништемиз

E)
Sub + (to go on) + Ving Sub + (to go on) + to verb





«қандай да бир ис-ҳәрекетти «қандай да бир басқа ис-ҳәрекетти ислеп даўам етиў»
ислеўде даўам етиў»

eg:The president paused for a moment and then
went on talking.
eg:After discussing the economy,the president then went on to talk about foreign policy

F) begin G)
start
Sub + continue + Ving Sub + Ving + to verb Sub + Ving + Ving
intend to verb
bother


e g:It has started raining. or It has started to rain. eg:It’s starting to rain. It’s starting raining.


5.
A)
Sub + (to try) + to verb Sub + (to try) + Ving
«ҳәрекет етиў, урыныў» «ислеп сынап көриў, ислеп тексерип көриў»

eg:I was very tired.I tried to keep my eyes open, but I couldn’t. Мен жудә шаршаған едим.Мен көзлеримди ашып отырыўға ҳәрекет еттим,бирақ қолымнан келмеди.


eg:A:The photocopier doesn’t seem to be working.
B:Try pressing the green button.
А:Ксерокопия ислемей турғанға уқсайды.
Б: жасыл кнопканы басып, сынап көр.

B)
Sub + (to need) + to verb Sub + (to need) + Ving
to be Verb³
*«қандай да бир жумысты ислеў керек» *«қандай да бир жумыс ислениўи керек»
*Sub→адам * Sub→жансыз предмет
*active voice * passive voice
eg:I need to take more exercise. eg:This jacket is dirty.It needs cleaning(=needs to be cleaned)
C) Help – «жәрдем бериў»
Sub+(to help)+to verb → Everybody helped to clean up after the party.
Sub+(to help)+verb → Everybody helped clean up after the party.
Sub+(to help)+smb +to verb → Can you help me to move this table?
Sub+(to help)+smb+verb → Can you help me move this table?
Can’t help – «өзин тыя алмаў»


Sub + can’t help + Ving
couldn’t help


eg:He looks so funny.Whenever I see him,I can’t help smiling.
They were talking very loudly. I couldn’t help overhearing what they said.


6.
A)
to like to like
Sub + to love + Ving Sub + to love + Ving
to hate to verb to hate
«тәкирарий ис-ҳәрекетти билдиреди» «бир мәртелик ис-ҳәрекетти билдиреди»
eg:I don’t like flying. or I don’t like to fly. eg:Do you like being a student?(You are a student
- Do you like it?)


B)
I+like+Ving+smth I+like+to verb+smth
«мен қандай да бир ис-ҳәрекетти ислеўди унатаман » «мен қандай да бир ис ҳәрекетти ислеўди мақул көремен»
eg:I like cleaning the kitchen. eg:It’s not my favourite job,but I like to clean the kitchen as often as possible.
C)
Sub + enjoy + Ving
mind to verb
eg:I enjoy cleaning the kitchen.(not I enjoy to clean)


D)
would like like
Sub + would love + to verb Sub + love + Ving
would hate hate
would prefer


would like
Sub + would love + to have verb³
would hate (unreal past)
would prefer eg:I would love to have gone to the party,but it was impossible.


*Would mind + Ving
to verb
eg:Would you mind closing the door,please?=Please,close the door?


7.
A ) Sub + (to prefer) +Ving
to verb
eg:I don’t like cities.I prefer living in the country. or I prefer to live in the country.


B)
Sub + (to prefer) + Noun¹ + to + Noun²
(қарағанда,гөре)


eg:I prefer this coat to the coat you were wearing yesterday.
C)
Sub + (to prefer) + Ving¹ + to + Ving² = Sub + (to prefer) + to verb + rather than + verb
(қарағанда,гөре)
eg: I prefer driving to travelling by train. = I prefer to drive rather than travel by train.


D)
Sub+would prefer+to verb
Ving


Sub + would prefer +to verb = Sub + would rather +verb
(мақул көрер едим)
eg:I would prefer to stay at home.= I would rather stay at home.


E)
Sub + would prefer + to verb + rather than + verb = Sub+would rather+verb+than+verb


eg:I would prefer to stay at home tonight rather than go to the cinema.= I would rather stay at home tonight than go to the cinema
F)
I would rather +sub+past simple+now/today
↓
(present,future)
eg:I would rather you made dinner now.


*I would rather you didn’t verb
eg:Shall I tell Laziza what happened?‘I would rather you didn’t.


8.
A) Preposition + Ving(Gerund)
interested in Ving
good at Ving
fed up with Ving
advantage of Ving
thank for Ving
how about Ving
go out instead of Ving
work in spite of Ving


B)
By+Ving


«арқалы,менен»
eg:You can improve your English by reading more.


Manner adverb→«тийкарғы ис-ҳәрекеттиң қалай,қәйтип,қандай усылда әмелге асырылғанын суўретлейди»


C)
Without+Ving


«-мастан,местен»
eg:We ran ten kilometers without stopping.