Geodeziya, kartografiya, geografiya

SNIIGAIK proyeksiyasi. Bu proyeksiyaxatoliklarxarakteribo‘yichaixtiyoriy. U birortayordamchigeometrikyuzadanfoydalanmasdankoordinatalarbo‘yichayasaladi. Bosh masshtabfaqatekvatorda saqlanadi. O‘rtadagi meridian vabarchaparallellartengbo‘linadi. Kartaningsharqiyvag‘arbiyramkalarioldidamasshtab (bosh masshtabbilantaqqoslaganda) 1,5 martakattalashganbo‘ladi.
Eng kattaxatolikshimoldavujudgakeladi (Kanada, GrenlandiyavaRossiyaningshimoliyqismlari), masshtab 1,8 teng, ya’niburayonlardauzunlikmasshtabideyarli 2 martakattalashganbo‘ladi.
Merkatorningtengburchaklisilindrikproyeksiyasidengizkartalariuchunqo‘llaniladi (2.2.2-rasm). Ushbuproyeksiyadaburchaklartengligisaqlanadi, ya’nikonturlarningtashqiko‘rinishisaqlanadi. Bunga parallellarvameridianlaruzunliginibab-baravar (bir-birigamosravishda) kattalashtirishbilanerishiladi. Binobarin, ekvatordanboshqabarchaparallellarvameridianlarbo‘yichamasshtablarxususiybo‘ladi. Barchayo‘nalishlarbo‘yichaulartengvakartaningistaganjoyidaxatoliklarellipsiaylanadaniboratbo‘ladi.

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(2.2.2-rasm.)Merkatorningtengburchakli normal silindrikproyeksiyasidadunyokartasi.

Merkatorproyeksiyasidamaydonjudakattaxatolikkaduchorbo‘ladi. UshbuproyeksiyadatuzilgankartalardaGrenlandiyamaydonigako‘raAfrikagadeyarlitengbo‘lib, uningmaydonideyarli 14 marotabakattalashtirilgan.
Merkatorproyeksiyasidakartografikto‘rlarnituzishhisoblashlarasosidaamalgaoshiriladi. Ekvatordanboshlabmasofaistagan parallelgachamurakkab formula bo‘yichahisoblanadi.