Fundamentals of Management, 8th ed



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management english

oral communication

Face-to-face

conversation, group

discussions,

telephone calls, and

other circumstances

in which the spoken

word is used to

transmit meaning



written

communication

Memos, letters,

reports, notes, and

other circumstances

in which the written

word is used to

transmit meaning

Chapter 12: Communication in Organizations

3 6 7

Copyright 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).

Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.



The biggest single drawback of traditional forms of written communication is that

they inhibit feedback and interchange. When one manager sends another manager a let-

ter, it must be written or dictated, typed, mailed, received, routed, opened, and read. If

there is a misunderstanding, it may take several days for it to be recognized, let alone

rectified. Although the use of e-mail, texts, or instant messaging is, of course, much fas-

ter, both sender and receiver must still have access to a computer or smartphone, and

the receiver must open and read the message for it to actually be received. A phone call

could settle the whole matter in just a few minutes. Thus, written communication often

inhibits feedback and interchange and is usually more difficult and time consuming than

oral communication.

Of course, written communication offers some advantages. It is often quite accurate

and provides a permanent record of the exchange. The sender can take the time to col-

lect and assimilate the information and can draft and revise it before it is transmitted.

The receiver can take the time to read it carefully and can refer to it repeatedly, as

needed. For these reasons, written communication is generally preferable when impor-

tant details are involved. At times, it is important to one or both parties to have a written

record available as evidence of exactly what took place. Julie Regan, founder of Toucan-

Do, an importing company based in Honolulu, relies heavily on formal business letters

in establishing contacts and buying merchandise from vendors in Southeast Asia. She

believes that such letters give her an opportunity to carefully think through what she

wants to say, tailor her message to each individual, and avoid later misunderstandings.


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