Fundamentals of Management, 8th ed


Chapter 3: Planning and Strategic Management 8 3



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Chapter 3: Planning and Strategic Management

8 3

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creation of the new business was a tactical plan developed to contribute to the achievement

of an overarching strategic goal.

35

More recently, as discussed earlier in this chapter in



“Tough Times, Tough Choices,” the firm eventually reacquired its largest franchised bottling

operation.

Second, although strategies are often stated in general terms, tactics must specify

resources and time frames. A strategy can call for being number one in a particular mar-

ket or industry, but a tactical plan must specify precisely what activities will be under-

taken to achieve that goal. Consider the Coca-Cola example again. Another element of

its strategic plan involves increased worldwide market share. To facilitate additional

sales in Europe, managers developed tactical plans for building a new plant in the

south of France to make soft-drink concentrate and for building another canning plant

in Dunkirk. The firm has also invested heavily in India.

36

Building these plants repre-



sents a concrete action involving measurable resources (funds to build the plants) and a

clear time horizon (a target date for completion).

Finally, tactical planning requires the use of human resources. Managers involved

in tactical planning spend a great deal of time working with other people. They must

be in a position to receive information from others within and outside the organiza-

tion, process that information most effectively, and then pass it on to others who

might use it. Coca-Cola executives have been intensively involved in planning the

new plants, setting up the new bottling venture noted earlier in this chapter, and

exploring a joint venture with Cadbury Schweppes in the United Kingdom.

Each activity has required considerable time and effort from dozens of managers.

One manager, for example, crossed the Atlantic 12 times while negotiating the

Cadbury deal.




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