TOUGH TIMES, TOUGH CHOICES
The Little-White-Lie Strategy
It may surprise you to learn that The Coca-Cola
Company does not make Coca-Cola. Coke and the
other beverage brands owned by The Coca-Cola Com-
pany are actually manufactured by what the company
calls bottling partners—more than 300 franchises
worldwide that both make and distribute final Coke
products to grocery stores, restaurants, and other
places where consumers can purchase them. Up
until 2010, the largest of these franchises had been
Coca-Cola Enterprises (CCE), which held the franchise
for most of North America and much of Europe.
According to Coke CEO Muhtar Kent, “the fran-
chise model is the best way to win in the market-
place,” and in November 2009, he extolled the
Coke franchise system for fostering a “magnificent
fusion of scalable, global brands.” Three months
later, however, Coke announced plans to purchase
CCE’s North American operations in a “substantially
cashless” deal that would make CCE a European-
oriented bottler and give Coke 90 percent control of
its own bottling operations in North America. The
deal was finalized in February 2010.
Coke admitted that negotiations with CCE had
been in the works for about 18 months and that a
confidentiality agreement between the two firms
had been in effect since November 2008, long
before Kent and other Coke executives had gone
on record to support the company’s franchise-
bottling system. Had they been saying one thing in
public while doing another behind boardroom doors?
“There’s no question,” says Wall Street analyst Phil
Gorham, that the CCE deal “flies in the face of what
they’ve done in the past. This acquisition is abso-
lutely an about-face.” Does Gorham believe that
Kent and other Coke leaders damaged the com-
pany’s credibility? “I think so,” he says. “I think
investors will think twice from now on when they’re
told something from Coke.”
Many corporate governance experts, however,
observe that Kent was not legally obligated to explain
the fine distinction between his simultaneous
support of Coke’s franchise system and his intention
to take over its largest franchise. Legally speaking,
executives
cannot
deny
outright
that
they’re
engaged in negotiations, but they’re also barred
from mentioning negotiations in public: Such state-
ments would amount to leaking inside information
and might affect stock prices—in which case, inves-
tors who lost money when the market reacted to an
executive’s statement could sue the company.
“Part of this is the artful use of words,” suggests
Paul Lapides, director of the Corporate Governance
Center at Kennesaw State University, who does not
feel that Coke CEO Kent was misleading his inves-
tors. “Shareholders would really like to know every-
thing that management is thinking about,” says
Lapides, “but that’s just bad business.” In this
case, for example, hints of an imminent deal could
have driven up the price that Coke ultimately paid
for CCE. According to John Sicher, a former corpo-
rate lawyer who’s now editor of Beverage Digest,
Kent had skillfully walked a thin legal and ethical
line. “He couldn’t say too little or too much. His
‘committed to the franchise system’ message was
accurate and an appropriate communication.”
On the point that Kent saved money for Coke
investors, even Gorham tends to agree: “If it
involves telling a little white lie for a few months
while negotiations are going on,” he admits, “that’s
probably the best way to go about it.”
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