cognitive dissonance
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Say, for example, that an individual who has vowed never to
work for a big, impersonal corporation intends instead to open her own business and be
her own boss. Unfortunately, a series of financial setbacks leads her to have no choice but
to take a job with a large company and work for someone else. Thus, cognitive dissonance
occurs: The affective and cognitive components of the individual’s attitude conflict with
intended behavior. To reduce cognitive dissonance, which is usually an uncomfortable expe-
rience for most people, the individual might tell herself that the situation is only temporary
and that she can go back out on her own in the near future. Or she might revise her cogni-
tions and decide that working for a large company is more pleasant than she had expected.
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