Fundamentals of Management, 8th ed


pooled interdependence



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pooled

interdependence

When units operate

with little interaction;

their output is pooled

at the organizational

level


sequential

interdependence

When the output of

one unit becomes

the input for another

in a sequential

fashion


reciprocal

interdependence

When activities flow

both ways between

units


Chapter 6: Organization Structure and Design

1 7 1

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As a device for coordination, a manager in a liaison role coordinates interdependent

units by acting as a common point of contact. This individual may not have any formal

authority over the groups but instead simply facilitates the flow of information between

units. Two engineering groups working on component systems for a large project might

interact through a liaison. The liaison maintains familiarity with each group as well as

with the overall project. She can answer questions and otherwise serve to integrate the

activities of all the groups.

A task force may be created when the need for coordination is acute. When interde-

pendence is complex and several units are involved, a single liaison person may not be

sufficient. Instead, a task force might be assembled by drawing one representative from

each group. The coordination function is thus spread across several individuals, each of

whom has special information about one of the groups involved. When the project is

completed, task force members return to their original positions. For example, a college

overhauling its degree requirements might establish a task force made up of representa-

tives from each department affected by the change. Each person not only retains his or

her regular departmental affiliation and duties but also serves on the special task force.

After the new requirements are agreed on, the task force is dissolved.

Integrating departments are occasionally used for coordination. These are somewhat

similar to task forces but are more permanent. An integrating department generally has

some permanent members as well as members who are assigned temporarily from units

that are particularly in need of coordination. One study found that successful firms in

the plastics industry, which is characterized by complex and dynamic environments,

used integrating departments to maintain internal integration and coordination.

26

An



integrating department usually has more authority than a task force and may even be

given some budgetary control by the organization.




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