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Classroom management techniques.The numerous comments about classroom management techniques were identified under a separate code.
Participants indicated that they defined their classroom rules in order to gain control over the students. For instance; P # 9 stated in her reflection paper that:
We have classroom rules hanged on the wall reminding them to be respectful each other all the time and have a collaborative relationship instead of

humiliate each other or get off course. The announcement of the rules at the beginning of the term eases the classroom instruction and clarifies dos and don'ts. This transparency makes mutual expectations clear and inhibits most possible predicaments beforehand.

P # 2 also believed in the importance of classroom management techniques as she stated in her reflection paper that when she had a respectful atmosphere, it was more enjoyable to teach, to learn and to share ideas.
To conclude, teaching methods and classroom management techniques played a vital role in shaping participants‟ teaching practices.

Reflection-for-Action

Reflection-for-action guides teachers to make inferences about possible problems or situations that may arise in their future teaching by analyzing their past experiences or current teaching practices (van Manen, 1991). By engaging in this reflection type, teachers can reshape their teaching, even some of their beliefs, by adding techniques that they believe may contribute both to their students and their development in teaching.

Findings from the data analysis revealed that participants engaged in frequent reflection-for-action. For the data analysis of the reflection-for-action, reflection papers, discussion sessions and participants answers to the questions of semi- structured interviews were categorized under the recurringtheme of teachers as agents of change. Table 6 shows the theme and its codes that fall under this reflection type along with how many times they occurred in the data.

Table 6

Themes and Codes for Reflection-for-Action and their Frequencies

Themes

Codes