Foreign experience in teaching efl: grammar translation method

4) Deductive application of a rule: After a detailed explanation of a rule and analyzing examples and exceptions students are asked to apply it while translating sentences in and out of the target language.

5) Use words in sentences or answer the questions that contain new words (deductive vocabulary teaching): In order to show that students understand the meaning and use of a new vocabulary item, they make up sentences in which they use new words or answer the question with a new word.

6) Drawing analogy between the target and native languages: Learning is facilitated through attention to similarities between the two languages, e.g., students are taught to recognize cognates by learning the spelling or sound patterns that correspond between the languages, e.g., suffixes -tion in English and -ция in Russian.

7) Fill-in-the-blanks: Students fill in the blanks with new vocabulary items or with items of a particular grammar type such as prepositions, articles, pronouns, or verbs in different tenses.