Фонд оценочных средств

Образец практического задания:
Ex. 1
Translate the following into Russian. State from what languages the following expressions and shortenings are borrowed.
Coup d’état, kindergarten, tête-à-tête, Blitzkrieg, enfant terrible, persona grata, beau monde, leitmotiv, bon mot, prima donna, ottava rima, Hun, nazi, etc., e. g., a. m., p. m.
Ex. 2
Group the following words according to their origin.
Caftan, operetta, machine, vanilla, waltz, skipper, algebra, telephone, dollar, wigwam, mazurka, pagoda, kangaroo, taboo, gorilla, tobacco, chauffeur, beauty, umbrella, squaw, nun, sputnik, cosmodrome.
Ex. 3
Compare the meaning of the following Russian and English words. Use them in sentences of your own.
Характер – character, реализовать - realize, агитатор - agitator, кондуктор - conductor, магазин - magazine, спекулировать - speculate, инцидент - incident, объект - object, принципиальный – principal
Ex. 4
Explain the etymology of the following words. Write them out in three columns: a) fully assimilated words; b) partially assimilated words; c) unassimilated words. Explain the reasons for your choice in each case.
ballet, beet, butter, skin, take, cup, police, monk, garage, phenomenon, wine, large, lesson, criterion, nice, coup d’état, river, loose, skirt.
Ex. 5
Give 5 own examples of words which could be translator’s false friends.


4 семестр:
Образец вопросов к практическому занятию:
1. The types of meaning.
2. Polysemy in English.
3. The main semantic processes of the development and change of meaning.
4. HomonymyinEnglish.
Образец тестового задания:
The Semantic Structure of a word.
1. What branch of lexicology studies the meaning of words?
a) phraseology
b) semasiology
c) descriptive lexicology
2. With what kind of meaning does semasiology deal?
a) with lexical meaning only
b) with grammatical meaning
c) with meaning of borrowed words only
3. What does semasiology study diachronically?
a) word meaning at a given moment of time
b) the change in meaning the words undergo
c) assimilation of borrowed words
4. What does synchronic approach study?
a) meanings of individual words
b) semantic structures typical of the language studied
c) the change in meaning the words undergo
5. What is excluded from the object of semasiology?
a) semantic development of words, its causes and classification
b) relevant distinctive features and types of lexical meaning
c) semantic grouping of words
d) grammatical structure of words
6. What is the operational analysis concerned with?
a) placing words into larger units such as phrases and sentences
b) the study of words individually
c) the study of phraseological units
7. What does not semantics mean?
a) the branch of the study of language concerned with the meaning of the
words
b) the phenomena studied
c) all sign systems
d) a branch of symbolic or mathematical logic
8. The study of signs and languages in general is called:
a) semasiology
b) semantics
c) semiotics
9. What is the subject of pure semantics?
a) formalized language
b) real languages
c) all sorts of codes
10. What is meaning according to disciples of F. De Saussure?
a) it is the object or notion named
b) it is the relation between the object or notion named and the name itself
c) it is the concept reflected in the language
11. What is meaning according to disciples of L. Bloomfield?
a) the situation in which the word is uttered
b) the basis of lexicology
c) it is the relation between the object or notion named and the name itself
12. What is lexical meaning according to Soviet linguists?
a) it is the object or notion named
b) the realization of the notion by means of a definite language system
c) concepts of mental activity only
13. What expresses the notional content of a word?
a) semantic component
b) significative meaning
c) denotative meaning
14. What do we call a notion or an actually existing individual thing to which
reference is made?
a) denotatum (referent)
b) semantic component
c) meaning
15. What do we call connotations of words?
a) the notional content of a word
b) the mental content of a word
c) the emotional or expressive counterpart of meaning
16. What is not a type of denotative meaning?
a) demonstrative meaning
b) affecting meaning
c) significative meaning
17. If a word evokes a general idea its function is:
a) demonstrative
b) affecting
c) significative
18. The function of demonstrative words is:
a) affecting
b) identifying
c) explanatory
19. Which element in the lexical meaning is not optional?
a) denotative
b) stylistic
c) connotative
20. What cannot be expressed by the connotative component?
a) stylistic coloring
b) emotion
c) evaluation
d) intensity
e) valency
21. What do we call an expression in speech of relationship between words based on contrastive features of ar-rangements in which they occur?
a) valency
b) grammatical meaning
c) lexical meaning
22. What do we call elements of meaning, which can be combined in different ways with other such elements?
a) semantic components
b) lexical components
c) denotata
23. A word that has more than one meaning is called:
a) homonyms
b) polysemantic words
c) synonyms
24. The lexical meaning is:
a) the generalization of several traits of the object
b) the list of all the traits of the named object
c) the reflection of only one trait of the named object
25. The greater the relative frequancy of the word, the greater the number of elements that constitute its semantic structure:
a) the less polysemantic it is
b) the more polysemantic it is
c) the more homonymous forms it has
26. The unity of one of the word's meaning and its form is called:
a) polycemy
b) homonymy
c) alexico-grammatical variant
27. The usage of a word in a meaning that is not registered in the dictionary is called:
a) replication
b) unique usage
c) nonce usage
28. The meaning in speech is always:
a) contextual
b) original
c) independent of its dictionary meaning
29. What do we call the reflection in the mind of real objects and phenomena in their essential features and rela-tions?
a) a referent
b) a notion
c) a class
30. According to S. Ulmann personal names are characterizes as:
a) identifying
b) signifying
c) one-facet
31. Notions are:
a) always emotionally colored
b) emotionally colored or neutral
c) always emotionally neutral
32. Notions are:
a) always stylistically marked
b) stylistically marked or neutral
c) always stylistically neutral
33. Words that can substitute any word of their class are called:
a) generic terms
b) primarylexico-grammatical variants
c) secondarylexico- grammatical variants
34. What do we call the procedure helping to determine elements of each meaning?
a) operation analysis
b) componential analysis
c) cutting
35. Most notions are:
a) international
b) culturally-motivated
c) referring to one single outlook
36. What do we call a meaning which nominates the object without the help of context?
a) figurative
b) direct
c) abstract
37. When an object is named and at the same time characterized through its similarity with another object, the mean-ing is:
a) figurative
b) direct
c) abstract
38. What is the main meaning of a word?
a) its concrete meaning
b) its direct meaning
c) the meaning that at the present stage of the word's development possesses the highest frequency
39. Which style cannot be referred to the bookish styles?
a) poetical
b) general
c) scientific
d) professional
40. Which style cannot be referred to the colloquial styles?
a) general
b) literary colloquial
c) familiar
d) slang
41. The earliest known meaning is called:
a) archaic
b) original
c) etymological
42. The meaning superseded at the present day by another one is called:
a) archaic
b) original
c) etymological
43. The meaning serving as basis for derived ones is called:
a) archaic
b) original
c) etymological
44. What do we call the semantic change characterized by narrowing in meaning?
a) specification
b) specialization
c) generalization
45. What do we call the process reverse to the narrowing of meaning?
a) specialization
b) nominalization
c) generalization
46. What do we call a transfer of name based upon the association of similarity, a hidden comparison?
a) metaphor
b) metonymy
c) epithet
47. What do we call a transfer based on the association of contiguity?
a) metaphor
b) metonymy
c) epithet
48. An exaggerated statement expressing an intensely emotional attitude of the speaker to what he is speaking about is called:
a) euphemism
b) hyperbole
c) litotes
49. A figure of speech characterized as expression of the affirmative by negating its opposite is called:
a) euphemism
b) hyperbole
c) litotes
50. What do we call a semantic shift undergone by words due to their referents coming up the social scale?
a) pejoration
b) amelioration
c) degradation