Ferghana Valley


Tajikistan During Perestroika: The Issue of Political Leadership



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Ferghana Valley The Heart of Central Asia ( PDFDrive )

Tajikistan During Perestroika: The Issue of Political Leadership
Among all Ferghana Valley political leaders, only Qahhor Mahkamov was able to 
hold onto his office until the end of the perestroika era—August 31, 1991. Mah-
kamov succeeded in winning a parliamentary election against another Ferghana 
resident, Rakhmon Nabiev, and was appointed president of the Tajik Republic 
by a decree of its Supreme Soviet of November 30, 1990.
1
Mahkamov’s political 
fall was connected with his delayed response to the infamous attempted Moscow 
“putsch” of August 1991, which everywhere accelerated the process of dissolu-
tion of the Soviet Union and the formation in its place of a transitional entity, the 
Commonwealth of Independent States.
On September 5, 1991 the Central Committee of the Tajik Communist Party 
demanded that Mahkamov step down as First Secretary of the Party and president 
of the Tajik Republic. At the same time, the name of the Tajik Soviet Socialist 
Republic was changed to the Republic of Tajikistan. Both events finally took place 
on August 31, 1991 under the acting president, Qadriddin Aslonov, who hailed 
from the southern region.
2
Thus, the last representative of the Ferghana Valley quit 
his high post, as if adumbrating the emergence of new political trends in all three 
states in the Ferghana Valley.
A month later Aslonov was in turn removed from office on the eve of the national 
presidential elections. This came about from charges of his plotting with the Chair-
man of the Dushanbe municipal executive committee (mayor), Maksud Ikromov


180 SHOZIMOV, BESHIMOV, YUNUSOVA
to dismantle a monument to Lenin that stood on the central square of the city, and 
also because his decree banning the Communist Party was judged unconstitutional. 
At an emergency meeting the Supreme Soviet of the republic passed a motion of no 
confidence against Aslonov, which led to his resignation. In this way, the political 
elite of Ferghana delayed, if not stopped, a “southern political putsch” directed 
against them. Nabiev from the south Leninabad (now Khujand) clan of the Ferghana 
Valley, replaced Aslonov as acting president. He immediately announced that all 
decrees by Aslonov had been unconstitutional, and declared a state of emergency 
throughout the entire republic.
3
The Tajik part of the Ferghana Valley during perestroika is in many ways distinct 
from those of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. In Tajikistan, Ferghana Valley elites 
from the Leninabad region had occupied all key political and economic posts in 
the country from the 1950s to 1992. Only following the bloody civil war did they 
cede their positions to southerners. In spite of his having been in coalition with the 
Ferghana province of Leninabad during the civil war, Emomali Rakhmonov, of 
Khatlon’s southern province, assumed the presidency, pushing aside the Ferghana 
elites. After the inter-Tajik peace agreement of 1997, the Ferghana political elites 
gradually began to lose political and economic power. True, the prime minister still 
came from Leninabad (now Sughd) province, but he had no real authority. Another 
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