362
BABADJANOV, MALIKOV, NAZAROV
(‘dukhovnikov’) kontsa 20-kh–nachala 30-kh gg,” in
Uzbekistan v gody stalinskikh repressii.
ed., A. Sagdullaev, Tashkent: Yangi
asr avlodi, 2010, pp. 236–267.
15.
Repressiia 1937–38, p. 7. See also the memoirs of a well-known theologians of the
Soviet period, Muhammadjon (Hindustani) Rustamov, who was involved in this wave of
persecution of religious leaders. Bakhtiyar Babadzhanov and Muzaffar Kamilov, “Domulla
Hindustani and the Beginning of the ‘Great Schism’ Among the Muslims of Uzbekistan,”
in
Politics and Islam in Russia and Central Asia, ed. Stéphanie Doudoignon and Hisao
Komatsu, London and Bahrain, 2001, pp. 195–220.
16. The name and, consequently, abbreviation has changed over time. For example, in
1976–77 the establishment was called “Dukhovnoe upravlenie musulman Srednei Azii i
Kazakhstana.” In addition, SADUM was known under such simplified names as Upravlenie
(Boshqarma), Muftiyat, Khast-Imom (following the name of a complex in the old city of
Tashkent, where it was located).
17. The heads of delegations of the republics were Abdulgaffar Shamsutdinov
(Kazakhstan), Solih Bobokalonov (Tajikistan), Olimkhon-tura Shokirov (Kyrgyzstan),
Shaykh Anna-Ishan (Turkmenistan).
18.
Fatwa: a theological document with a decision on
any question of one or more
theologians.
19. B. Babadjanov, “O fetvakh SADUM protiv ‘neislamskikh’ obychaev,” in
Islam v
Tsentralnoi Azii. Vzglyad iznutri,
ed. M.B. Olcott and A. Malashenko, Analiticheskaia seriia
Moskovskogo otd. Fonda Karnegi, no. 6, Moscow, 2001, pp. 65–78.
20. Ibid., p. 70.
21. Starting from the early eighteenth century, education in the Ferghana Valley assumed
a strictly confessional (Hanafi) and narrow character. Because of an extremely weak demand
for deep religious knowledge, the majority of madrassa students had an only one incentive,
namely, to gain enough education to secure a position, whether imam or qadi, that did not
require knowledge beyond the limited training programs in most madrassas. See Bakhtiyar
M. Babadzhanov, Ashirbek K. Muminov, and Anke von Kügelgen, “Disputes on Muslim
Authority in Central Asia (20th Century),” in
Critical Editions and Source Studies, Almaty,
2007, pp. 10–20.
22. See TsGA RUz, f. 1, op. 12, delo 963, 1. 56–69. Many historians of the time wrote
about similar defects in the judiciary system of qadi courts (i.e., its obvious class nature and
mass corruption). For example, Muhammad-’Aziz ibn Muhammad-Riza (Rida) Margilani in
his famous history, talks with unconcealed regret about the open corruption of
qadis, which
intensified after the Russian colonization (Sh. Vokhidov and D. Sangirova, eds.,
Tarikhi Azizi.
Nashrga tayorlovchilar, sozboshi mualliflari,
Tashkent, 1999, pp. 68–70).
23. Adeeb Khalid,
The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform-Jadidism in Central Asia,
Berkeley, 1998.
24. On the theatrical activities of Jadids (primarily Avlani), see A. Samoilovich,
Dramaticheskaia literatura sartov,
Petrograd, 1917; M. Rakhmonov,
Uzbek teatri tarikhi,
Tashkent, 1968, pp. 320–360; and Sh. Rizaev,
Jadid dramasi, Tashkent, 1997.
25. This is very vividly described by Munavvar kori Abdurashidkhonov in
Tanlangan
asarlar,
Tashkent, 2003, pp. 218ff.
26. In this regard,
the journal Mushtum/Kulak (Tashkent, first published in 1922) is
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