Feed Nutrients

Feed Nutrients

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Objectives

• Identify sources of nutrients and classes of feeds related to the ruminant and non-ruminant animals
• Describe sources of nutrients and classes of feeds related to the ruminant and non-ruminant animals

• Objectives:
• Identify major functions of basic nutrient groups and feeds that are sources for each.

Nutrients

• A chemical element or compound that aids in the support of life.
• Necessary for cells to live, grow, and function properly.
• Many needed and must be in the proper balance
• Lack of one or more nutrients will slow growth

5 Groups of Nutrients

• Energy Nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and oils)
• Proteins
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water

Energy Nutrients - Carbohydrates

• Main energy function
• Made up of sugars, starches, cellulose, and lignin
• Chemically composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
• Energy powers muscular movement
• Produce body heat
• Extra Carbs are stored as fat

Simple and Complex Carbohydrates

• Simple
• Sugars and Starches
• Referred as nitrogen free extract (nfe)
• Come from cereal grains (corn, etc)

• Complex
• Cellulose and lignin
• Called Fiber
• More difficult to digest
• Found mostly in roughages (hay, grass)

Fiber Content of Feeds

• Simple stomached animals can not digest large amounts of fiber, and their ration must be made up of mostly cereal grains.
• Ruminant animals can eat large amounts of fiber, and a high percentage of their ration is roughage

Energy Nutrients - Fats and Oils

• Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but contain more carbon and hydrogen atoms than carbohydrates
• For this reason fats have 2.25 times as much energy value than carbohydrates
• Fats are solid at body temperature
• Oils are liquid at body temperature