Feed Nutrients

Fats and Oils

• They are easily digested in the animal
• Provide energy and body heat
• Carry fat-soluble vitamins
• Come from both vegetable and animal sources
• Vegetable fat ranges from 1.8 to 4.4 %
• Animal fat ranges from 1 to 10.6 %

Crude Protein

• Total Protein
• Not all is digested
• 60% in ruminant rations is digested
• 75% in non-ruminant rations is digested
• Digestible Protein- amount of true protein in the feed

Proteins

• Organic compounds made up of amino acids
• Contain: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Some may contain sulphur, phosphorus, and iron
• Supply materials to build body tissue (ligaments, hair, hooves, skin, organs, and muscle are partially formed by protein)

Nutrients

• If an animal takes in more protein than needed, nitrogen is separated and given off as urine
• The material left is then is then converted into energy or body fat
• Essential amino acids - needed by the animal and the animal can’t produce the amino acid
• Non - Essential amino acids - needed by the animal but are synthesized from other amino acids.

Non-Essential Amino Acids

• Needed by animals but synthesized in the body from another amino acids there for do not need to be provided in the ration

Amino Acids in Ruminant and Non- Ruminant Animals

• Non-ruminant animals can not synthesize the essential amino acids fast enough to meet the animals needs therefore those essential amino acids must be provided in the ration
• Ruminant animals generally synthesize the essential amino acids by the rumen at a rate to meet the needs of the animal

Sources of Protein

• Animal source protein are considered good-quality proteins since they contain a good balance of essential amino acids
• Plant proteins are thought to be poor-quality proteins because they lack some amino acids