Ф 03-03 Kasymova Zh. Zh

3.4. State whether the sentences are true or false. If true, add the information on the statement. If false, correct the sentence.
1. Oil industry is divided into three sectors. T F
2. Downstream begins from refinery to product distribution. T F
3. Upstream sector includes only drilling and exploration. T F
4. Midstream is part of the upstream sector. T F
5. Midstream transports such products as crude oil, natural gas and NGL. T F
6. Service companies help oil companies in different operations. T F
7. Oil companies can also be contractors. T F


3.4. Control questions

1) What kind of oil industry do you know?

2) What does the downstream consist of?
3) What does the upstream consist of?
4) What does the midstream consist of?


3.5. Themes of SIW

1. The significance of petroleum engineering now

2. Types of petroleum engineers
Practical class №4 The Upstream


Aims of practical lesson is introduction with fundamentals of Upstream Oil and Gas
4.1. Lexical terms and word combinations

exploration and production - разведка и добыча

to drill - бурить
onshore or offshore - на суше или в море
geological and geophysical surveys - геологические и геофизические исследования


4.2. Reading Passage
Most oil and gas companies’ business structures are organized according to business segment, assets, or function. The upstream segment of oil and gas is also known as exploration and production, or E&P because it encompasses activities related to searching for, recovering, and producing crude oil and natural gas.
Upstream is all about wells: where to locate them; how deep and how far to drill them; and how to design, construct, operate and manage them to deliver the greatest possible return on investment with the lightest, safest and smallest operational footprint.
In fact, the E&P sector should probably be called the EDP sector - because “you can’t find oil if you don’t drill wells.” Exploration involves the operator obtaining a lease and permission to drill from the owner of onshore or offshore acreage thought to contain oil or gas. Then the operator must conduct geological and geophysical surveys to select the first well site to explore for, and hopefully find, economic accumulations of oil or gas. This well is often called a “wildcat well.”
Drilling is physically creating the “borehole” in the ground that will eventually become a productive oil or gas well. This work is typically done by rig contractors and service companies in the Oilfield Services business sector. On a wellsite, there can be as many as 30-40 different service contractors providing expertise to the operator.
Wells can be relatively simple or unbelievably complex. Wells can totally vertical for miles or both deep and horizontal. There are also highly complex “J” and “S” configured wells with numerous branches, or laterals, emanating from the original, or “mother”, hole. These are called “deviated wells.”
Essentially, production is efficiently bringing the hydrocarbons to the surface and treating them as needed to make them marketable. So that’s the basics of E&P.