Ethnotoponyms as a separate unit of toponymic classifications Zokirov Bekhzodjon Ilkhomjon ugli, Tashkent State University of Oriental Studies

Асосий қисм. 
Ethnotoponyms - place names associated with "ethnos" - that is, the names that emerged as a result of the transfer of names of nations, peoples, tribes, clans, balls to place names have been classified as a separate category in toponymic research since the XIX century. In particular, in Central Asia, since the 1960s, many linguists and toponymists have begun to record ethnotoponyms as a separate classification unit in their classification methods in toponymic research. In this regard, the understanding of the term "ethnotoponym" in Uzbek toponymy as the name of a phenomenon with a specific system and as part of a separate classification in toponymic research is first seen in the works of linguist Z.Dusimov. In particular, in his dissertation on "Toponyms of Northern Khorezm" in 1970, the scientist classified ethnotoponyms, anthropoponyms, oronyms, hydronyms, neotoponyms according to the origin of toponyms [5; 170]. However, given that the researcher did not have a single system of classification in his approach to this issue, we can see that he used the available toponymic sources to indicate the nature of the classification. If we pay attention to this classification, the origin of the place name depends on the words based on the name of the people or people (ethnotoponyms, anthropoponyms), whether any object is a nickname or the natural feature of the place (oronyms and hydronyms) and toponymic materials (neotoponyms). bringing it into a single system prevented this classification from being consistent.
Sh.Kadyrova, who conducted a special study on Tashkent microtoponyms, classifies the materials collected in her research into 4 large groups [9; 75-76]. In particular, the author in his classification of microtoponyms of the city of Tashkent: 1) microtoponyms derived from famous horses; 2) microtoponyms related to the geographical feature of the object and the landscape; 3) microtoponyms related to socio-historical processes; 4) suggests the study of microtoponyms formed based on ethnic names. As we can see, in Kadyrova's research on Tashkent microtoponyms, place names that appeared based on ethnic units, although not given the form of a separate term "ethnotoponyms", adopted them as a separate classification unit. In general, it should be borne in mind that in this classification, although some classification principles are violated, this classification is taken only on the example of microtoponyms in the region.
J.Latipov, while studying the names of places in and around the city of Marghilan, classifies toponyms based on the collected materials, and in this classification ethnotoponyms are recorded as a separate unit of classification. According to its classification, toponymic sources are divided into ethnotoponyms, anthropoponyms, and topotoponyms according to the basis of their origin [10; 15-16]. This classification of J.Latipov served to fill the gap made by Z. Dusimov. 
In N.Akhunov's research on the origin and linguistic analysis of place names in the city of Kokand and its surrounding areas, he classifies place names in the region according to several features. In particular, the scientist notes that place names in the region are primarily divided into oyconim, hydronym, and oronym according to the general character of the object [14; 26]. Ethnotoponyms have a special place in N. Ahunov's research and include ethnotoponyms as a separate classification unit in the category "Types of toponyms according to the origin of the word based on which they are lexically and semantically". In particular, the first in this classification of the researcher are ethnotoponyms, followed by b) anthroponyms, c) toponyms derived from words denoting the geographical specificity of the toponym; d) toponyms denoting the specific nature of the object; е) toponyms related to socio-economic and political processes, f) occupational toponyms, and g) place names formed from geographical terms. In this classification of N.Ahunov, the most discussed issue is ethnotoponyms, according to the origin of ethnonyms that in turn formed ethnotoponyms: 1) ethnotoponyms of Turkic origin; 2) suggests the study of ethnotoponyms formed from words of non-Turkic origin [14; 31]. 
S.Nayimov, who conducted a special study on the oikonyms of the Bukhara region, proposes to classify them according to 10 criteria based on the nature of toponyms [13; 62-65]. These include classifications such as object type, shape, appellate basis, historical genetic basis, period of origin, meaning and etymology, and grammatical structure. Within these classifications, ethnotoponyms belong to the appellation, i.e., the classification of toponyms in the sense in which the word is used, and they are shown to have the same commonality with place names as anthropoponyms, topotoponyms, zootoponyms.
The main object of S.Nayimov's research is oyconims in Bukhara region, ie settlements, cities, villages, auls, mahallas, among which place names formed based on ethnonyms are studied separately. According to S. Nayimov, the classification of settlements in the region in the form of anthropooyconims, ethnooyconims, neooyconims [13; 70]. In our opinion, there is a mistake in the author's work, similar to the classification of Z. Dosimov, according to which the classification of place names is based on the names of people or people (anthropooyconims and ethnooyconims) and the place of origin of place names (neooyconims) as a single system. In this respect, although the above has given many classifications of toponyms, it has attracted our attention that a general principle has been violated in the classification of toponyms.
When studying the microtoponyms of Baysun district and its environs, Kh.Kholmominov, it should be noted that this classification was obtained in terms of microtoponyms and on a separate district scale. Ethnotoponyms also have a special place in the author's research and are classified within them. In particular, the nature of the ethnonym, which is the basis for the emergence of ethnotoponyms, divides them into two types. The first type are ethnotoponyms, the name of which is derived from the ethnonym, and include place names such as Urtasaray, Arabkhana, Kipchakarik. The second type is the names of places where the connection of the name with the ethnonym is hidden and needs to be substantiated scientifically, as examples of such place-names as Holmontop, Irgokli, Baymakli, Choyanli, Khastalar[11;11-12]. 
In his research, T.Ernazarov, analyzing the historical and comparative place names, suggests the study of ethno-toponyms of Shakhrisabz in two groups: 1) place names made of Turkic ethnonyms; 2) place names made of non-Turkic ethnonyms [8; 15]. Also, one of the similar works, O.T.Begimov, who conducted a study on the historical and etymological analysis of Iranian toponyms in the territory of Southern Uzbekistan, based on the general nature of the region's toponyms based on 2 principles: 1) naming the object according to natural and geographical features; 2) naming the object according to the practical activity of the person; classifies based on such principles as [4;124]. In turn, ethnotoponyms are included in the second type of the above classification by the author. According to him, 4 types of toponyms appear in connection with the practical activity of man: a) toponyms associated with the lifestyle and work of people; b) toponyms created based on ethnic symbols and concepts; d) toponyms based on a person's name and nickname; e) toponyms created based on religious concepts and ideas.
A.Aslonov, who conducted a study on microtoponyms of Shafirkan district, classifies microtoponyms in the region, first of all, according to the meaning of the place name, classifies them into such types as toponyms (oyconims, names of mahallas, roads, streets, agroonyms), hydronyms, necronyms, phytonyms [ 1; 23-58]. The author also included ethnotoponyms in the classification of appellate-based toponyms, ie toponyms based on the famous horse, which include the following place names: 1) anthroponyms, 2) ethnotoponyms; 3) cosmotoponyms; 4) topotoponyms; 5) hydrotoponyms. In turn, on the author's side, ethnotoponyms are also divided into 2 groups according to their internal features: a) ethnotoponyms based on pure ethnonyms (Durmen road, Durmen mosque); b) toponyms based on relative ethnonyms (Dorugarlar village, Sheikh's mosque). 
Hence, in studies, we can see that ethnotoponyms are classified in different ways when classified as general toponyms. In this regard, more specific methods of classification can be seen in special studies of ethnotoponyms. In particular, AJ Atajanova, who conducted a special study on Khorezm ethnotoponyms, classifies the names of places in the region, formed only based on ethnic units, according to several of their indicators. In particular, according to the ethnotoponymic materials collected by the author, the place name is divided into 3 types according to the meaning of the object: ethnooikonyms, ethnohydronyms, ethnoagronomy[2;44]. The classification of this method is described in more detail in the research of A.A.Ergashev, who studied the ethnotoponyms of Andijan region [7; 138]. In particular, in his classification, the author classifies the names of places formed based on ethnonyms into the following 9 types, depending on what type of object the name means. 1) agroetnotoponyms - place names given to fields, hills, lands associated with the name of the seed. For example, Afghanbag; 2) agoroetnotoponyms - the names of fields and markets associated with the name of the seed. For example, Kushtepasaray market; 3) angioetnotoponyms - the names of mosques, madrasas, holy shrines, and deified places associated with the name of the tribe. For example, the Uyghur mosque, the Kyrgyz mosque; 4) dromoetnotoponyms - street, station, route names of any road (underground, aboveground, above water) intended for movement associated with the name of the seed. For example, Asaka-Durmon road, Kipchak station; 55) ethno-oyconyms - settlements inhabited by the name of the tribe, which also have several species. For example, Andijan, Asaka, Arabkishlak; 6) necrotoponyms - the names of tombs, cemeteries, and sacred places of this type associated with the name of the tribe. For example, Kipchakmozor; 7) oroetnotoponyms - the names of any high places (mountain, ridge, hill, peak, pass, hill, hill) in the relief of the erythema associated with the name of the seed. For example, Asaka adiri; 8) ethnohydronyms - the names of water bodies and water structures associated with the name of the seed, for example, the Naiman stream 9) ethnourbonyms - the appearance of the names of any topographic objects within the city based on ethnonyms; Uyghur bath;
Conclusion
From toponymic research as above, we can see that any work begins with the division of groups into specific groups according to the general characteristics of the collected materials, the process of correct assessment of the layer of toponyms, their linguistic features, and etymology, language, stage of human history. provides unique conveniences. Such issues are also particularly relevant to ethnotoponyms, the importance of which as a separate classification unit in research allows for more objective coverage of issues of ethnogenesis and ethnic history of a particular nation, its linguistic features, socio-economic life.