English Words


particular phonological representation. Today



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Francis Katamba English Words


particular phonological representation. Today unreprissing is not an English word because although it is a
phonologically permissible word, it has no meaning associated with it. If you care to find a meaning for it, it
will become a word—perhaps only as a nonce word.
Many of the nonce, non-institutionalised words are compounds (cf. section (
2.2.1
)). If a speaker wants to
express an idea which would normally be expressed by a syntactic phrase in a manner that heightens its
concreteness and salience, it is possible as a oneoff, to make up a disposable, hyphenated compound. The
newspaper columnist Melanie Phillips manufactured the word ‘anythinggoes-as-long-as-you-can-get-away-
with-it-culture
’ which is an excellent example of this phenomenon:
[8.1]
Public life has fallen into disrepute and the cynicism of the people knows no bounds. It’s the anything-goes-as-long-
asyou-can-get-away-with-it-culture, and it is as prevalent in the corridors of Whitehall as in the joyriders’ ghettos.
(Phillips 1993)
The word stockpile of an individual and of the speech community as a whole is relatively stable and
restricted. So, one might suppose that in principle it should be possible to list and count the words (in the
sense of lexical items) that belong to the English language. In reality such an exercise is very problematic
because the inventory of words is not static. People make up new words. I have made up yuppification,
which I do not expect to stick. According to the OED, someone made up the word hydrofoil in the 1920s
and scuba appeared on the scene in 1956. Both innovations were successfully institutionalised.
At the other end of the spectrum old words go out of use, e.g. wone meaning ‘home, abode’ is now
obsolete. If I said to you ‘Where is your wone?’ you would have no idea what I was talking about. Then
there is also the problem of separating the dialectal and the archaic words from obsolete ones e.g. porret
‘young leek or onion’. While wone is obsolete, porret survives in dialectal use but it is very rare. The line
between ‘dialectal and very rare’ and ‘obsolete’ is a fine one. In spite of these difficulties, it does make
sense to list words. Lexicographers have not got it all wrong. We just have to bear in mind the fact that a
dictionary can only be a partial list of the lexical items of a language.
To sum up, although by and large the words of a language are listable in dictionaries, it is not possible to
list all of them. Speakers actively manufacture words. The lexicon is not just a vast lexical warehouse, it is
WORD MANUFACTURE 105


also a production line where words are made in limitless quantities. For the most part, this is done by
applying established rules: language users who have mastered these rules can use them to construct or
unscramble words, be they old established words or new ones (cf. sections (
4
) and (
6.1
)).

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