English Words


It’s just on the tip of my tongue



Download 1,44 Mb.
Pdf ko'rish
bet110/130
Sana05.06.2022
Hajmi1,44 Mb.
#638747
1   ...   106   107   108   109   110   111   112   113   ...   130
Bog'liq
Francis Katamba English Words

11.3.3
It’s just on the tip of my tongue
We have all been there. You know the name of the boy who sat next to you in the maths class in your first
year at secondary school. It begins with a B and ends in an -n; you know it has three syllables; you know its
main stress is on the first syllable. Yet, no matter how hard you try, you cannot recall it. You can come up with
several other names that sound like it—with similar sounds and a similar stress pattern. But as soon as you
access these words you know that none of them is the right word. Some time later you remember he was
called Benjamin. How annoying!
That is a typical tip-of-the-tongue experience. It can happen with any content word, not just names. For
instance, you may go bird-watching and spot a bird. You recognise its plumage is black above, and white
below. Its legs are bright orange. And so is its bizarre-shaped bill. You do know what that bird is called—
but the name just eludes you. You come up with the words penguin and pigeon but dismiss them
immediately. It certainly is not one of those. Half an hour later you remember. It is called a puffin.
When everything works like clockwork, we manage to recall the meaning and pronunciation with perfect
synchronisation. However, tip-of-the-tongue experiences like the ones described above confirm what I have
said already about semantic representations being stored in the mind separately from phonological
representations. The fact that meaning can be recalled separately from pronunciation is even clearer in
certain speech disorders, as we will see in section (
11.4.2
).
174 ENGLISH WORDS


11.3.4
Malapropisms
Some tip-of-the-tongue experiences do not end up in frustrated silence, but in uttering the wrong word. We
might say ‘oops!’. But it is too late. We have confused two words. We have uttered a word which is
phonologically, and perhaps also semantically, similar to the word we intended to use. Such a slip is called a
MALAPROPISM, after Mrs Malaprop, a character in Sheridan’s play The Rivals.
In The Rivals, the contrast between supercilious Mrs Malaprop’s vanity and her verbal ineptitude is
hilarious. Her haughtiness is constantly punctured by her verbal gaffes. She is not nearly as literate and
sophisticated as she believes herself to be. We laugh at her expense when she says:
‘But the point we would request of you is, that you will promise to forget this fellow—to illiterate him,
I say, quite from your memory.’
(The Rivals, I, ii)
Of course, she meant to say obliterate him from your memory.
Malapropisms occur in real life. In the second half of the twentieth century perhaps the most famous
public figure with an unfortunate reputation for the ludicrous misuse of words has been the late Mayor
Daley of Chicago, whose famous blunders include ‘harassing the atom’ (meaning ‘harnessing the atom’)
and ‘rising to higher platitudes of achievement’ (cited in Bolinger 1968:103).
In Britain, several famous TV sports commentators are notorious for their malapropisms. The publishers
of the satirical magazine Private Eye were quick to see the commercial potential of these gaffes and
produced a series of anthologies called Colemanballs (named after David Coleman, the doyen of TV sports
commentators). The selection in the 1984 volume of Private Eye’s Colemanballs 2, edited by Fantoni,
includes this one in the football section:
Again Mariner and the Butcher are trying to work the oracle on the near post.
MARTIN TYLER
Tyler probably intended to say miracle. Elsewhere in the same volume we read this insight into the game of
cricket:
No captain with all the hindsight in the world can predict how the wicket is going to play.
(Trevor Bailey)
For hindsight I suspect you should read foresight.
Some of the erroneous associations of phonological representations with meanings may become
widespread. In time, a malapropism may become the established usage. This seems to be happening to the
word mitigate, which has become confused with militate. Many people will use [11.35a] instead of [11.
35b]:
[11.35]
a.
The bad weather mitigated against the rescue operation,
b.
The bad weather militated against the rescue operation.
THE MENTAL LEXICON 175


Malapropisms are an important source of evidence of how we store and retrieve words from the mind
with the meaning separate from the phonological representation. When retrieval goes wrong, a mismatch of
meanings with phonological representations may result.
In sum, slips of the tongue occurring in normal speech are one important source of evidence concerning
words in the mind. As Fromkin has shown in the various publications cited above, anomalous utterances are
a window through which we can glimpse how normal language storage, retrieval and processing work.

Download 1,44 Mb.

Do'stlaringiz bilan baham:
1   ...   106   107   108   109   110   111   112   113   ...   130




Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©hozir.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling

kiriting | ro'yxatdan o'tish
    Bosh sahifa
юртда тантана
Боғда битган
Бугун юртда
Эшитганлар жилманглар
Эшитмадим деманглар
битган бодомлар
Yangiariq tumani
qitish marakazi
Raqamli texnologiyalar
ilishida muhokamadan
tasdiqqa tavsiya
tavsiya etilgan
iqtisodiyot kafedrasi
steiermarkischen landesregierung
asarlaringizni yuboring
o'zingizning asarlaringizni
Iltimos faqat
faqat o'zingizning
steierm rkischen
landesregierung fachabteilung
rkischen landesregierung
hamshira loyihasi
loyihasi mavsum
faolyatining oqibatlari
asosiy adabiyotlar
fakulteti ahborot
ahborot havfsizligi
havfsizligi kafedrasi
fanidan bo’yicha
fakulteti iqtisodiyot
boshqaruv fakulteti
chiqarishda boshqaruv
ishlab chiqarishda
iqtisodiyot fakultet
multiservis tarmoqlari
fanidan asosiy
Uzbek fanidan
mavzulari potok
asosidagi multiservis
'aliyyil a'ziym
billahil 'aliyyil
illaa billahil
quvvata illaa
falah' deganida
Kompyuter savodxonligi
bo’yicha mustaqil
'alal falah'
Hayya 'alal
'alas soloh
Hayya 'alas
mavsum boyicha


yuklab olish