English Words



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Francis Katamba English Words

9.6
CLIPPING
CLIPPING is the term for the formation of a new word-form, with the same meaning as the original lexical
term, by lopping off a portion and reducing it to a monosyllabic or disyllabic rump. This phenomenon has
been around for a long time. Eighteenth-century purists like Swift and Campbell fought a determined, but in
the end unsuccessful, campaign against it. George Campbell, writing in 1776, objected to what he saw as
the barbarism of shortening polysyllabic words and retaining just the first syllable or just the first and
second syllables, as in:
124 WORDS GALORE


[9.10]
hyp
for hypochondriac
rep
for reputation
ult
for ultimate
penult
for penultimate
incog
for incognito
hyper
for hypercritic
extra
for extraordinary
mob
for mobile crowd
(from Baugh and Cable 1978:256–9)
Despite eloquent protests against it, clipping did survive as a fairly productive word-formation process. In
contemporary English, very occasionally, the middle of a word is dropped. That is how vegan was formed
from veg(etari)an. More commonly we have FORE-CLIPPING, where the front of the word is trimmed, as
in [9.11]. 
[9.11]
Fore-clipping
plane
aeroplane
bus
omnibus
van
caravan
brolly
umbrella
However, BACK-CLIPPING, where the end of the word is trimmed, is by far the commonest:
[9.12]
Back-clipping
ammo
ammunition
amp
ampere
info
information
rep
representative
homo
homosexual
guv
guvnor (< governor) ‘boss’
disco
discotheque
micro
microcomputer/microwave oven
mike
microphone
limo
limousine
bike
bicycle
lab
laboratory
navvy
navigator
stereo
stereophonic
In colloquial speech, clippings tend to end in a familiar suffix pronounced [I] (and spelled -ie or -y) as in
[9.13]:
ENGLISH WORDS 125


[9.13]
Gerry
<
Gerald
Monty
<
Montgomery
Lizzie
<
Elizabeth
Aussie
<
Australian
loony
<
lunatic
telly
<
television
poly
<
polytechnic
Clipping accompanied by [I] (-ie/-y) suffixation is especially common in nicknames and familiar versions
of names. It is not easy to predict what part of a name is going to be retained because the principles that
determine the version of the clipping process that applies in a particular instance are not clear. Back-
clipping may take place, as in Gerald > Gerry, Montgomery > Monty etc. Or it can be fore-clipping, as in
Antoinette > Netty, Patricia > Trish
and Alexander > Sandy. Or again, occasionally, it may be a
combination of the two as in Lizzie from (E)liz(abeth).

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