English Words

Voice
.
Adjectival phrase
A phrase the head of which is an adjective e.g. 
much quieter
.
Adverbial phrase
A phrase the head of which is an adverb e.g. 
very quietly
.
Affix
A bound morpheme that must occur together with a root to form a word,
e.g. 
re-, un-, -ing, -ed, -ise
. No word can contain affixes only.
Agent(ive)
The noun phrase indicating who or what brings about the action, state
etc. indicated by the verb.
Agglutinating language
A language where words are typically formed by stringing together
several morphemes one after the other.
Agrammatism
Loss of the control of some inflectional affixes and syntactic function
words usually found in patients suffering from Broca’s aphasia. Their
speech is like a telegram.
Agreement
A grammatical requirement for words that are in the same syntactic
construction to share some morphological marking e.g. 
I am She is
(not
*
I is and she am
).
Allomorph
A variant of a morpheme, i.e. one of the morphs that represent a
particular morpheme.
Allophone
A sound representing a given phoneme in certain contexts. Allophones
of the same phoneme cannot be used to distinguish the meaning of
words, e.g. [ł] and [ļ] are allophones of the phoneme /I/ in English.
Alphabet
A system of writing where letters represent the phonemes of the
langauge.
Alveolar
A speech sound made by raising the tongue so that it makes contact with
the alveolar ridge (i.e. teeth ridge), e.g. [d] in 
dog
. 
Analytic language
see
Isolating
language
.
Anaphora
The use of a grammatical device to refer back to something mentioned
earlier. Typically this is done using pronouns, e.g. 
they
anaphorically
refers back to 
mice
in 
Three blind mice, see how they run
.
Antonym
If words have opposite meanings, they are called antonyms, e.g. 
good
and 
bad
.

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