English prezentation -1 group: 811-21 student: norbo’tayeva munisa

• ENGLISH PREZENTATION -1
• GROUP: 811-21
• STUDENT: NORBO’TAYEVA MUNISA

TASHKENT UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES NAMED AFTER MUHAMMAD AL-KHWARIZMI

THE INVENTION THAT HAS CHANGED THE WORLD

• PRINTING PRESS
• A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier printing methods in which the cloth, paper or other medium was brushed or rubbed repeatedly to achieve the transfer of ink, and accelerated the process. Typically used for texts, the invention and global spread of the printing press was one of the most influential events in the second millennium.

FOUNDER OF THE FIRST PRINTING PRESS MACHINE

• In Germany, around 1440, goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press, which started the Printing Revolution. Modelled on the design of existing screw presses, a single Renaissance printing press could produce up to 3600 pages per workday, compared to forty by hand-printing and a few by hand-copying. Gutenberg's newly devised hand mould made possible the precise and rapid creation of metal movable type in large quantities. His two inventions, the hand mould and the printing press, together drastically reduced the cost of printing books and other documents in Europe, particularly for shorter print runs.

FEATURES OF THE PRINTING MACHINE

• They can be different ,for example ,offset and flexographic, screen and gravure printing. A more modern rotary printing press was invented by Fridrich Johann Koenig in 1810. Its looked as follows

The first printing press had the shape of a mechanical press. With its help, the text was transferred to paper. An important role in this was played by movable letters. They were invented by the Chinese Bi Sheng in 1040. In Europe, Johannes Gutenberg began to make these letters from an alloy of lead, antimony and tin.

THE APPEARANCE OF THE PRINTING PRESS IN RUSSIA

• This event occurred during the reign of Ivan IV, in 1553. The founders of the printing house were the Danish printer Hans Messingheim - Ivan Fedorov and Peter Mstislavets. In 1564 the book "The Apostle" was printed. In the East Slavic lands, Francysk Skaryna became the first printer. In 1525 in the city of Vilna he printed "Apostle".The city in those years was the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. F. Skaryna was born in Polotsk, where the Museum of Printing is now located, and died in Prague.In 1565, Ivan Fedorov published the book "Hours", but soon he was forced to leave for the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, where he worked in Zabludov and Lviv. He also invented the multi-barreled cannon. After his departure in Moscow, Andronicus Nevezha became the main printer.

THIS IS WANT IVAN FEDOROV’S PRINTING PRESS LOOKED LIKE

THE ROLE OF THE PRINTING PRESS IN OUR LIVES

• In everyday life we always use social networks. In order to communicate with each other , to exchange messages , we use a more advanced type of typewrite- the keyboard. They are mch more sophisticated and very different from their predecessors.

Words	Definition	Tarnslation
Invent	Create or design (something that has not exicted before);be the originator of	Ixtiro qilish
Printing press	A special devise that prints letters on paper or fabric	Chop etish mashinasi
Revolution	A forciable overthrow of a government or social in favour of a new system	Inqilob
Transfer	To move something from one place to another	Ko’chirmoq
Departure	To leave a place	Ketish ,jo’nash
Spread	Expansion from more than one point	Tarqalish
Device	A tool used for a purpose	Qurilma
Sophisticated	Not easy, difficult	Murakkab
Cannon	Something round in shape	To’p, zambarak

• What is a printing press?
• When and by whom it was created?
• What can be done on a typewriter?
• Give an example of today’s printing press (or keyboards…)?
• Which keyboards do you use in daily life?

QUESTIONS FOR YOU.