English for academic purposes answers to exercises – Features of academic writing

 
 
15 
 
Exercise 3 (example answers) 
a)
 
Professional development; career development; promotions; career growth; employee development. 
b)
 
Employees feel motivated in their careers when they are aware of their 
professional development
 
opportunities. 
 
5.2 
– Presenting your ideas 
Exercise 1 
Animals kept in captivity are subjected to unrealistic and cruel environmental conditions. Especially in zoos, 
where the artificial surroundings heighten stress levels amongst the animals. Attempts may be made to provide 
stimulation, in the hope that the animals will be put at ease. However, their well-being is overshadowed by the 
primary goal of entertaining the ever-growing number of guests and increasing profits. The possibility of civil 
war breaking out in countries such as the UK or US is highly unlikely. This is because these countries do have 
the two main characterises often associated with the outbreak of civil war, which are an underdeveloped 
economy, and a general population that is lacking in diversity. Although both countries do face economic 
challenges at times, they are often able to quickly recover. Furthermore, their populations are extremely 
diverse with many citizens from the majori
ty of the world’s nations. 
Exercise 2 
Firstly, it is crucial to understand if students are aiming to digest as much knowledge as possible or do the 
bare minimum to pass. Biggs and Tang (2011) categorised two approaches to learning, which are known as 
a 'surface' or 'deep' approach. The surface approach is often adopted by students who are not internally 
motivated to study, taking on a university course due to social or family pressure. Therefore, it is essential for 
teachers to foster or encourage an in-depth approach to learning to raise motivational levels. By coaching 
students and providing small achievable goals, the tutor should be able to raise the student's self-belief in their 
abilities (Zepke and Leach, 2010). Through this method, the students become more engaged in the classroom 
and with the subject itself. Once students shift away from a surface approach towards in-depth learning, the 
next step is the encourage an inclusive learning environment.