Encyclopedia of Islam

Encyclopedia of  Islam

and gender studies. She is the author of Colo-

nial Encounters among English and Palestinian 

Women, 1800–1948.

Jamel Velji is a Ph.D. student in religious studies 

at the University of California, Santa Barbara. 

He specializes in Islamic studies, with a focus 

on Ismaili Shiism and the comparative study of 

apocalyptic movements.

Michelle Zimney is a doctoral candidate in the 

Department of Religious Studies at the Univer-

sity of California, Santa Barbara. Her research 

focuses on the interaction of religion and poli-

tics in the Middle Eastern context, including 

Algeria’s civil conflict in the 1990s. Her most 

recent research is on the Sayyida Zaynab shrine 

in Damascus.

Z. David Zuwiyya is associate professor of Spanish 

at Auburn University in Alabama. He received 

a Ph.D. in Spanish medieval literature from the 

University of California, Santa Barbara. He is 

the author of Islamic Legends concerning Alex-

ander the Great.

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Illustrations

Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud with 

President Franklin D. 

Roosevelt 3

Women selling produce in the 

market  21

A tower in the city of Seville, 

Andalusia  41

Photograph of an arabesque in 

architecture  50

The Arabic alphabet  54

The Ibn Tulun Mosque, 

Cairo  60

The Court of the Lions, 

Granada  61

A man painting a ceramic 

plate  64

A statue of Ataturk  69

Genealogy of Muhammad, the 

caliphs and Shii imams  72

A mural showing Quran 

verses  77

The al-Azhar Mosque  80

Bazaar in Morocco  97

A Muslim wedding 

ceremony  104

Boats on the Nile River at 

Aswan  110

Bookbinder in Cairo  112

Painting of a depiction of Al-

Buraq  118

Drawing of medieval 

Cairo  122

Aerial view of Cairo’s City of 

the Dead  132

Muslim family  136

Shrine of the Chishti Sufi 

Order, India  140

St. Catherine’s Monastery and 

mosque at Sinai  143

Movie billboards in Cairo, 

Egypt  145

Coffeehouse in Cairo, 

Egypt  155

Coptic Church, Cairo  167

Umayyad Mosque, 

Damascus  180

Water containers on a street in 

Cairo  194

Turkish meal  198

Female students at Hijaza 

School, Upper Egypt  210

Modern Cairo  211

European Muslim community 

Center  218

Poster of the evil eye  220

Mosque of al-Hakim of the 

Fatimid dynasty  232

Aerial view of Fez  237

Friday prayer service  243

Flags of Afghanistan, Iran, 

Iraq, and Saui Arabia  244

Men baking bread  247

Kasbah Garden, Chefchaouen, 

Morocco  256

Tomb of Chishti saint in Delhi, 

India  301

Marketplace commerce  302

Excerpt from the Quran, 

written in Arabic and 

Hindi  307

Murals on the side of a 

residential house  311

City of Husayniyya  318

Statue of Ibn Rushd, 

Cordoba  337

Visitors at a Muslim shrine, 

India  349

Man reading in his sitting 

room, Iran  363