Encyclopedia of Islam

Further reading: Leila Ahmed, Women and Gender in 

Islam: Historical Roots of a Modern Debate (New Haven, 

Conn.: Yale University Press, 1992); Dawn Chatty, “The 

Burqa Face Cover: An Aspect of Dress in Southeast-

ern Arabia.” In Languages of Dress in the Middle East,

edited by Nancy Lindisfarne-Tapper and Bruce Ingham, 

127–148 (London: Curzon and the Centre of Near and 

Middle Eastern Studies, School of Oriental and African 

Studies, 1997); Fadwa El Guindi, Veil: Modesty, Privacy 

and Resistance (Oxford: Berg, 1999); Yedida K. Stillman, 

Arab Dress: From the Dawn of Islam to Modern Times, ed. 

Norman A. Stillman (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2000).