Encyclopedia of Islam
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NOTE: Boldface page numbers indicate extensive treatment of a topic. Page numbers in italic indicate illustrations. Locators followed by c indicate chronology.
Abbasid Caliphate xxxi, xxxviiic, 1–2 Baghdad 84 Brethren of Purity 115 Cairo 120 caliphate 126
Damascus 181 dar al-Islam and dar al- harb 182 Delhi Sultanate 189 Fatimid dynasty 231
Ghazali, Abu Hamid al- 261 hadith 279 Hanafi Legal School 287 Hanbali Legal School 288 harem 292 Harun al-Rashid 293 Hashimite dynasty 294 Ibn al-Bawwab, Abu al- Hasan Ali 328 Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad 330–331 Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad 333 Ibn Kathir, Imad al-Din 334 Ibn Muqla, Abu Ali Muhammad 336 Iraq 369 Ismaili Shiism 377, 378 Israel 381 mamluk 456 mathematics 461 music 504 paradise 547 Persian language and literature 550 philosophy 554 Quran 573 Quraysh 575 renewal and reform movements 586 Saudi Arabia 607 Shafii, Muhammad ibn Idris al- 616
Shiism 626 soul and spirit 631 sultan 643, 644
theology 668 Umayyad Caliphate 687 vizier 703 Yemen 716 Abd al-Aziz ibn Saud xlivc, 2–3, 3 communism 161 Daoud Ahmed 181–182 Faysal ibn Abd al-Aziz Al Saud 233 Gulf States 272 Hijra 299 OIC 535
Salafism 602 Saudi Arabia 607 Wahhabism 705, 706 World Muslim Congress 714 Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi xlic, xlivc, 3–4, 32, 563–564, 640 Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani 4, 83, 288, 289 Abd al-Rahman, Umar 4–5, 16 Abd al-Raziq, Ali 5 Abduh, Muhammad xlvc, 5–6 Afghani, Jamal al-Din al- 14
Banna, Hasan al- 89 creation 173 education 209
philosophy 555 Rashid Rida, Muhammad 581–582
renewal and reform movements 587 Salafism 601 Sufism 640 tafsir 655 tawhid 665–666 theology 669 umma 689 ablution 6–7, 106, 110, 131, 484, 557 abortion 7, 105 Abou El Fadl, Khaled 8, 101, 197, 315
Abraham xxiv, 8–9 Arafat 57 baraka 92 blood 109 Christianity and Islam 141
circumcision 149 comic strips and comic books 160 Dome of the Rock 201 dreams 203
food and drink 248 Hagar 280–281 Hijra 298 holy books 308 Id al-Adha 342 Islam 373 John the Baptist 404 Judaism and Islam 410 Kaaba 419 maqam 457 Mecca 465 Muhammad 490, 492 Quraysh 574 renewal and reform movements 585 Satan 605
Zamzam 718 Abu Bakr xxxviic, 9–10 Aisha bint Abi Bakr ibn Abi Quhafa 25 Ali ibn Abi Talib 33 Bedouin 99 Bilal 101 hadith 278 Muhammad 492 Quran 573 Shiism 624 Abu Zayd, Nasr Hamid 10–11, 48, 212, 656 adab 11–12, 192, 216–217 Adam and Eve 12 angel 43 animals 44 Arafat 57 Black Stone 108 creation 172 Idris 345 Kaaba 419–420 Mecca 465 paradise 546 Satan 603–604 adhan 12–13, 177, 474, 484, 487, 504, 557 adultery 13–14, 25–26, 174 index
K K 732 Encyclopedia of Islam Afghani, Jamal al-Din al- xlivc, 14–15 Abduh, Muhammad 6 Banna, Hasan al- 89 Constitutional Revolution 164 creation 173 education 209 miracle 476–477 pan-Islamism 545 philosophy 555 Rashid Rida, Muhammad 581–582
renewal and reform movements 587 Salafism 601 Sufism 640 Twelve-Imam Shiism 680
Afghanistan xxvii, xxix, xlviic, xlviiic, 15–16 Abd al-Rahman, Umar 4–5 Afghan mujahidin 16–17 Australia 70 Biruni, Abu Rayhan al- 107 Buddhism and Islam 116–117 burqa 119 Delhi 186
flag 245 Hanbali Legal School 288 Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin 295–296
holidays 306 Mughal dynasty 488
music 505 Muslim Brotherhood 508 Pakistan 542 al-Qaida 564–565 refugees 584 suicide 642 Taliban 657–659 Usama bin Ladin 697– 698
Afghan mujahidin 16–17, 161, 296, 542, 608, 657–659 African Americans, Islam among xlviic, 17–18, 102, 182, 199, 226–227, 453–454 African languages and literatures 18–19 afterlife 19–20 Aga Khan xlivc, 20–21, 219, 379 agriculture 21, 21–23, 105, 219, 270, 349
Ahmadiyya xlivc, 23–24 African Americans, Islam among 17, 18 Badawi, Ahmad al- 83
blasphemy 109 Daoud Ahmed 181 Ghulam Ahmad 263 India 350 Jesus 397 Kashmir 425 Mawdudi, Abu al-Ala 463 Pakistan 541 prophets and prophethood 561 United States 694 Webb, Alexander Russell 708
Ahmad Khan, Sir Sayyid xlivc, 24–25 Aligarh 32, 33 Barelwi, Sayyid Ahmad 93 Chiragh Ali 139 creation 173 education 209 renewal and reform movements 587 tafsir 655 Aisha bint Abi Bakr ibn Abi Quhafa 25–26 Abu Bakr 9 authority 74 camel 128 fitna 241 hadith 278, 279 harem 292 hypocrites 322 Shiism 624 women 711 Ajmer 26–27, 301 Akbar (Mughal emperor) xliic, 27 Bangladesh 87 Hinduism and Islam 301 India 353 jizya 403 Mughal dynasty 488–489 Persian language and literature 551 Sirhindi, Ahmad 629 Akhbari School 27–28, 500, 620, 625, 679, 699 Alawi 28–29 Alawid dynasty 28, 29 alchemy 29–30 Alexander the Great 30–31, 150, 291, 368, 380, 392–393, 429 Algeria xlivc, xlvic, 31–32 Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi 3–4
archaeology 59 Arkoun, Muhammad 61 human rights 315 politics and Islam 556 al-Qaida 566 Aligarh 32–33, 35, 362, 708 Ali ibn Abi Talib xxv, xxvi, xxxviiic, 33–34 ahl al-bayt 23 Aisha bint Abi Bakr ibn Abi Quhafa 26 Alawi 28 basmala 94 Bektashi Sufi Order 99 caliph 125 camel 128 cemetery 133 Emigrants 213 Fatima 230
Five Pillars 242 Gabriel 255 Ghadir Khumm 257 ghulat 264 Gulf Wars 274 hadith 279 harem 292 Hashimite dynasty 295 Hijra 299 holidays 306 Iraq 369 Jaafar al-Sadiq 386 Khawarij 431 Mahdi 447 Moses 483 Muhammad 492 Navruz 526 Night of Destiny 529 Qadiri Sufi Order 563 Ramadan 581
Shiism 623 sunna 645 Twelve-Imam Shiism 676 Umayyad Caliphate 687 Uthman ibn Affan 700 walaya 707 women 712 Allah xxiii, 34–35 Arabian religions, pre- Islamic 52 Bangladesh 87 baqa and fana 89–90 conversion 165 creation 171
flag 244 food and drink 246
goddess 265 human rights 314 jinni 402 Judaism and Islam 409 names of God 515 prayer beads 558 Quran 571 tawhid 664 umma 688 All-India Muslim League (AIML) xlvc, 35–36 Awami League 76 Bangladesh 88 Hinduism and Islam 301 India 355–356 Iqbal, Muhammad 362 Jinnah, Muhammad Ali 401
Pakistan 541 Almohad dynasty xlc, 36–37 Berber 100 Granada 267 Ibn al-Arabi, Muhyi al- Din 326
Ibn Rushd, Muhammad 336
Ibn Tumart, Muhammad 340–341
tawhid 665 Almoravid dynasty xlc, 37–38, 267, 341, 709 almsgiving xxiii, 38–39 alphabet 39–40, 69, 127, 207, 675
amulets and talismans 40–41, 619
Andalusia xxix, xxxvix, xlc, 41, 41–42 Almohad dynasty 36 Almoravid dynasty 37 Christianity and Islam 142 Cordoba 167–168 dialogue 196 Europe 218–219 Harun al-Rashid 293 Hijra 299 Ibn Hazm, Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Said 331 Ibn Khaldun, Abd al- Rahman 334 Jesus 397 minaret 474 Mudejar 486 angel 42–43 animals 43–45 Ansar xxix, 45, 162, 213, 299, 448
anthropomorphism 45–46, 340, 626
Antichrist 46, 214, 397, 495 anti-Semitism 46–47, 227, 382, 412, 523 apostasy 48 Aqsa Mosque 48–49 angel 43 Buraq, al- 118 Dome of the Rock 202 Israel 381 Jerusalem 391, 394–395 Jordan 406 mosque 486 OIC 535 Arab xxvii, 49–50 |
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