Encyclopedia of Islam

umma

  

689  J

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Further reading: Abdullah al-Ahsan, Umma or Nation? 

Identity Crisis in Contemporary Muslim Society (Leices-

ter, England: Islamic Foundation, 1992); Frederick 

Mathewson Denny, “The Meaning of Ummah in the 

Quran,”  History of Religions 15, no. 1 (1975): 35–70; 

Dale F. Eickelman and James Piscatori, Muslim Politics

(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996), 

141–155); R. Stephen Humphreys, Islamic History: A 

Framework for Inquiry. Rev. ed. (Princeton, N.J.: Princ-

eton University Press, 1991), 92–98, 255–283; C. A. O. 

Nieuwenhuijze, “The Ummah: An Analytic Approach,” 

Studia Islamica 10 (1959): 5–22; F. E. Peters, The Chil-

dren of Abraham, 2d ed. (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton 

University Press), 41–66; David Waines, An Introduc-

tion to Islam, 2d ed., 175–184 (Cambridge: Cambridge 

University Press, 2003).