Encyclopedia of Islam

Sokoto Caliphate

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ous and efficient administrative structure and out 

of respect for the Shehu’s teaching and the author-

ity of his family. During the last decade of the 

19th century, however, the Sokoto Caliphate was 

exposed to growing pressure from French colonial 

power to the north and British power to the south. 

It was eventually conquered by Sir Frederick 

Lugard, who established British authority over the 

region in 1903.

See also 

colonialism

; 

Jihad

 

movements

; W

est

a

Frica

.

Stephen Cory

Further reading: R. A. Adeleye, Power and Diplomacy 

in Northern Nigeria, 1804–1906 (London: Longman 

Group Limited, 1971); H. A. S. Johnston, The Fulani 

Empire of Sokoto (London: Oxford University Press, 

1967); Beverly B. Mack and Jean Boyd, One Woman’s 

Jihad: Nana Asma’u, Scholar and Scribe (Bloomington: 

Indiana University Press, 2000); Ibraheem Sulaiman, 

The Islamic State and the Challenge of History (London: 

Mansell Publishing, 1987).