by s
ayyid
a
hmad
b
arelWi
(d. 1831). Other jurists,
however, ruled that as long as Muslims were
secure and allowed to fulfill their religious duties,
they could accept non-Muslim governments and
consider themselves to still be in the dar al-Islam.
With the end of the last Muslim empires and
the rise of new nation-states in the 20th century,
the concepts of the dar al-Islam and the dar al-harb
have been replaced by international laws, treaties,
and conventions governing relations between
states. Nonetheless, they still have their place in
the Islamic legal heritage, and they are invoked
from time to time in Muslim political rhetoric.
See also
laW
,
international
;
politics
and
i
slam
; W
est
a
Frica
.
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